We already knew the role the Armory Show of 1913 had played in the transatlantic exportation of European modernity. At the initiative of artists themselves, a number of foreign painters were able to achieve recognition in America as precursors of modernism. Cézanne in particular benefitted from the wave of exportation of French Impressionism before ...
# 9-2 | Art in the Republic | Rodolphe Rapetti
Society is not immune to what Richard Thomson calls a visual culture that in turn plays upon people’s mentalities. In the case of the French Republic between 1889 and 1900, he sees an opportunity to depart from the established categories of art history, which often limits itself to studying avant-gardes while downplaying the notion ...
# 9-1 | Art in the Republic | Richard Thomson
Society is not immune to what Richard Thomson calls a visual culture that in turn plays upon people’s mentalities. In the case of the French Republic between 1889 and 1900, he sees an opportunity to depart from the established categories of art history, which often limits itself to studying avant-gardes while downplaying the notion ...
# 8-2 | The Market, at the Start | Dominique Sagot-Duvauroux
One must wait until the seventeenth century to see art become no longer just the object of isolated exchanges carried out in order to enlarge the coffers of churches and princes and to give itself out as a commodity to institutions capable of ensuring aboveboard transactions that would allow price comparison and therefore competition ...
# 8-1 | The Market, at the Start | Jérôme Poggi
One must wait until the seventeenth century to see art become no longer just the object of isolated exchanges carried out in order to enlarge the coffers of churches and princes and to give itself out as a commodity to institutions capable of ensuring aboveboard transactions that would allow price comparison and therefore competition ...
# 6 | Art for whom? | Vincent Huguet and David Cascaro
The notion of the public has been considerably altered by the movement toward rationalization, and even democratization, that began in the second half of the twentieth century. In this regard, sociology has accustomed us to think in terms of the plural rather than of the singular, especially since Pierre Bourdieu and his team undertook ...
# 5-1 | The Beautiful and the Useful | Rossella Froissart
In Les Misérables, Victor Hugo had the revolutionary student Enjolras say that the nineteenth century was great but that the twentieth would be happy. At any rate, the nineteenth century did identify with the tremendous upsurge of progressivism that was making itself felt at the time in the name of a social ideal and ...
# 4-2 | L’enfant modèle | Camille Saint-Jacques
Children have always had their role to play in society. They have always had their place in the mind of adults who have projected onto them their own fantasies and world views. Childhood has not always been, for all that, an object of historical inquiry. Even though people have expressed an interest in children ...
# 4-1 | The Model Child | Emmanuel Pernoud
Children have always had their role to play in society. They have always had their place in the mind of adults who have projected onto them their own fantasies and world views. Childhood has not always been, for all that, an object of historical inquiry. Even though people have expressed an interest in children ...







