The contemporary dynamics in the construction of collective identities, identity-based mobilisation and the forms of rejection that these can provoke are explored under this theme. Researchers examine the political realignments through the prisms of nationalism, religion and discrimination. Particular attention is paid to an analysis of transnational movements, conflicts of memory and issues of recognition.  Research in this theme adopts a constructivist perspective and uses a variety of methodological approaches, including ethnography, qualitative interviews, archives, quantitative analysis, to examine a wide range of fields.