Les Etudes du CERI

Les études du CERI

Les Etudes du CERI series publishes about 10 issues per year following the strict rules of double blind peer reviewed academic publications. The editorial board is composed of members of CERI’s Unit Council.
Les Etudes du CERI is a tool for decision-making and offers to scrutinize and study the transformations of our contemporary world, in more than 200 titles addressing a variety of topics and analyzing political, social and economic questions related to a specific country/region or a global contemporary challenge. Every issue follows, and is the result of, a fieldwork undertaken by its author. In this respect, this publication illustrates CERI’s approach to area studies, based on a direct, empirical experience and methodology.
Previous and current issues are all available online, free of charge. As all publications of this website, Les Etudes du CERI is protected by copyright through the French law.

 

Series editor: Alain Dieckhoff, directeur du CERI

Editor of the journal: Judith Burko, judith.burko@sciencespo.fr, phone +33158717004

Anne de Tinguy (dir.)

Regards sur l’Eurasie. L’année politique 2023
N°273
-274
February 2024
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Borders, Caucasus / Central Asia, Collective mobilizations, Conflict resolution, Diasporas, Economic transactions, Economy, Energy / Natural resources, European Union, Europeanization, Georgia, Global realm, History, Identities, International organizations, International security, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Migrations, Moldova, Nationalism, North America, Peace / Peacekeeping, Political economy, Political science, Russia, Russian Federation, Sociology, Sovereignty, Tajikistan, Transnational actors, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Wars / Conflicts, Western Europe, Les études du CERI

Looking into Eurasia : the year in politics provides some keys to understand the events and phenomena that have left their imprint on a region that has undergone major mutation since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991: the post-soviet space. With a cross-cutting approach that is no way claims to be exhaustive, this study seeks to identify the key drivers, the regional dynamics and the underlying issues at stak. This volume is devoted to the war in Ukraine

Comment citer ce volume :

Anne de Tinguy (dir.)

, Regards sur l’Eurasie. L’année politique 2023 / Les Études du CERI, N°273-274, February 2024, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

David Recondo (Dir.)

Amérique latine. L'année politique 2023
N°271
-272
January 2024
Collective mobilizations, Crime, Democratization, European Union, Fight against crime and corruption, Governance, Justice, Latin America and the Caribbean, Memory and politics of the past, Multilateralism, NGOs / Civil society, Political order, Politics / Political Systems, Regional integration, Security policy, Social policy, State, Transnational actors, Urbanization, Violence, Les études du CERI

Amérique latine. L’Année politique 2023 est une publication de l’Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (Opalc) du CERI-Sciences Po. Il prolonge la démarche du site www.sciencespo.fr/opalc en offrant des clés de compréhension d’un continent en proie à des transformations profondes. Des informations complémentaires sont disponibles sur le site.

Comment citer ce volume :

David Recondo (Dir.)

, Amérique latine. L'année politique 2023 / Les Études du CERI, N°271-272, January 2024, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Gayatri Jai Singh Rathore

Recycling Regime, Environment, and Exclusion of Electronic Scrap Workers in Delhi
N°270
November 2023
Economic transactions, Emerging States, Environment, Globalization, Governance, Health, India, Law, Markets / Finance, New technologies, NGOs / Civil society, Norms, Politics / Political Systems, Poverty, South Asia, State, Trade, Transnational actors, Urbanization, Les études du CERI

In recent years, the Indian e-waste sector has undergone a process of formalisation through the implementation of E-waste Management Rules (2016), leading to the creation of what I call recycling regime. The upper and middle classes, along with NGOs and industry actors, are frontrunners in thinking about e-waste policies. They were prompted by a twofold motive: the desire for a “world-class”, clean, and pollution-free city; and seizing business opportunities by extracting value from e-waste. Rather than replacing the State, they co-opted the State so that it would legislate to safeguard the environment, and address toxicity and health problems associated with e-waste. Recycling regime relies on formalisation processes embedded in multiple technologies – technicity, capital-intensive facilities, certifications, authorisations, and licences – that work together to exclude the “informal” sector from the e-waste governance system. Recycling technologies act as “technologies of domination” that further contribute to sidelining the “informal” labour of scrap workers or e-kabadis, who as Muslims already find themselves on the margins of society. However, the recycling regime fails to safeguard the environment in the end as e-waste trickles down back to the informal sector via authorised actors.

Comment citer ce volume :

Gayatri Jai Singh Rathore

, Recycling Regime, Environment, and Exclusion of Electronic Scrap Workers in Delhi / Les Études du CERI, N°270, November 2023, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
Centrafrique : la fabrique d’un autoritarisme
N°268
-269
October 2023
Borders, Central Africa, Central African Republic, Collective mobilizations, Conflict resolution, Crime, Diasporas, Fight against crime and corruption, Governance, Nationalism, Peace / Peacekeeping, Regional integration, Russia, Rwanda, Security policy, Sovereignty, Terrorism, Transnational actors, Violence, Wars / Conflicts, Les études du CERI

This text analyses the conditions in which the Central African Republic, a failed state emerging from an existential crisis, is able to play on its own weaknesses and a particular regional and international configuration to coerce the political arena, terrorizing its own population by creating an enemy that is inevitably foreign, and using Russia as an instrument to perpetuate itself. The means and techniques of coercion are extremely modern, even if they are based on a repertoire of coercive practices already well established in Central Africa. Such authoritarianism is based on the construction of a specific threat (transnational armed groups), a lacklustre international community that is exhausting itself in implementing outdated solutions, and a security offer that relegates UN peacekeeping or European training missions to the sidelines: Russian and Rwandan military involvement reflects a desire to substitute the regional and international management of the crisis, while at the same time maintaining a concessionary economy in the mining and agricultural sectors, the primary beneficiaries of which continue to be the rulers in Bangui.

Comment citer ce volume :

Roland Marchal 

, Centrafrique : la fabrique d’un autoritarisme / Les Études du CERI, N°268-269, October 2023, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Anne de Tinguy (dir)

Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2020:
N°266
-267
February 2023
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Borders, Caucasus / Central Asia, Collective mobilizations, Conflict resolution, Diasporas, Economic transactions, Economy, Energy / Natural resources, European Union, Europeanization, Georgia, Global realm, History, Identities, International organizations, International security, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Migrations, Moldova, Nationalism, North America, Peace / Peacekeeping, Political economy, Political science, Russia, Russian Federation, Sociology, Sovereignty, Tajikistan, Transnational actors, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Wars / Conflicts, Western Europe, Les études du CERI

Looking into Eurasia : the year in politics provides some keys to understand the events and phenomena that have left their imprint on a region that has undergone major mutation since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991: the post-soviet space. With a cross-cutting approach that is no way claims to be exhaustive, this study seeks to identify the key drivers, the regional dynamics and the underlying issues at stak. This volume is devoted to the war in Ukraine

Comment citer ce volume :

Anne de Tinguy (dir)

, Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2020: / Les Études du CERI, N°266-267, February 2023, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Olivier Dabène (Dir.)

Amérique latine. L'année politique 2022
N°264
-265
January 2023
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Collective mobilizations, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratization, Environment, Haiti, Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico, Peru, Political economy, Politics / Political Systems, Regional integration, Social policy, Sovereignty, Transnational actors, Les études du CERI

Amérique latine. L’Année politique 2022 est une publication de l’Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (Opalc) du CERI-Sciences Po. Il prolonge la démarche du site www.sciencespo.fr/opalc en offrant des clés de compréhension d’un continent en proie à des transformations profondes. Comment citer ce volume : Olivier Dabène (Dir.), Amérique latine. L’Année politique 2022/ Les Études du CERI, n°259-260, janvier 2023, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Comment citer ce volume :

Olivier Dabène (Dir.)

, Amérique latine. L'année politique 2022 / Les Études du CERI, N°264-265, January 2023, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
Oman: When Pandemic and Political Transition Coincide (2020-2022)
N°263
October 2022
Governance, Health, Middle East, Oman, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Social policy, Sociology, State, Les études du CERI

The Covid-19 pandemic in Oman was characterized by its coincidence with a political transition. The coming to power of Sultan Haytham in January 2020 after five decades of Qaboos’rule and the health crisis combined to transform the roles and functions of political and institutional actors. These two dynamics, apparently unrelated have modified the policies and boundaries of the state. The emphasis on the function of protection and the development of a scientific discourse based on efficiency breaks sometimes with the previous image of an Omani specificity marked by a principle of moderation. Moreover, the recomposition that is linked to the place granted to foreign workers, set up as an economic and social adjustment variable, indicates a process of relegation authorized and accelerated by the specific context of the pandemic and the necessity to find new sources of legitimacy.

Comment citer ce volume : Laurent Bonnefoy, Oman: When Pandemic and Political Transition Coincide (2020-2022) / Les Études du CERI, N°263, October 2022, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Anne de Tinguy (Dir.)

Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2020: the year in politics
N°261
-262
February 2022
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Balkans, Belarus, Caucasus / Central Asia, China, Democratization, Economic transactions, Economy, Energy / Natural resources, European Union, Europeanization, Georgia, Health, History, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Memory and politics of the past, Political economy, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Regional integration, Russia, Russian Federation, Sociology, Tajikistan, Territory, Trade, Transnational actors, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Wars / Conflicts, Les études du CERI

Looking into Eurasia : the year in politics provides some keys to understand the events and phenomena that have left their imprint on a region that has undergone major mutation since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991: the post-soviet space. With a cross-cutting approach that is no way claims to be exhaustive, this study seeks to identify the key drivers, the regional dynamics and the underlying issues at stake

Comment citer ce volume :

Anne de Tinguy (Dir.)

, Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2020: the year in politics / Les Études du CERI, N°261-262, February 2022, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Olivier Dabène (Dir.)

Amérique latine. L’Année politique 2021
N°259
-260
January 2022
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Collective mobilizations, Colombia, Conflict resolution, Costa Rica, Crime, Cuba, Democratization, Ecuador, Fight against crime and corruption, Global history, Governance, Health, History, Latin America and the Caribbean, Memory and politics of the past, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Political economy, Political order, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Regional integration, Social policy, Sociology, Sovereignty, Transnational actors, Uruguay, Venezuela, Anthropology, Les études du CERI

Amérique latine - L’Année politique is a publication by CERI-Sciences Po’s Political Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OPALC). The study extends the work presented on the Observatory’s website (www.sciencespo.fr/opalc) by offering tools for understanding a continent that is in the grip of deep transformations.

Comment citer ce volume :

Olivier Dabène (Dir.)

, Amérique latine. L’Année politique 2021 / Les Études du CERI, N°259-260, January 2022, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Corentin Cohen

Nigerian confraternities to conquer the world ?
N°258
December 2021
Brazil, Crime, Diasporas, France, International security, Italy, Migrations, Netherlands, Networks, Nigeria, Sociology, Transnational actors, Violence, West Africa, Western Europe, Anthropology, Les études du CERI

While the Nigerian brotherhoods have become increasingly prominent in the media given the criminal threat they are said to represent, they have not been the subject of any field research in Nigeria or Europe. This media coverage is fueling a growing confusion between the legal and police categorizations that are used to define these brotherhoods and the pan-African practices and discourses of solidarity and emancipation that they promote. The socio-historical approach developed in this study makes it possible to put into perspective the global expansion of confraternities since the 2000s. It offers another perspective on the role of these secret societies and their inclusion in political economies and different territories. In Europe, the Nigerian confraternities are first and foremost social institutions for the youth and the diasporas. They ensure the reproduction of the power of traditional and political elites abroad by capturing incomes linked to migration (remittances), and therefore play a key role in the production of a form of globalization of Nigerian society from below. They participate in the establishment of moral and social institutions from the south of Nigeria in Europe. Behind a discourse of empowerment and solidarity, the confraternities are thus a transnational network which perpetuates a conservative order, a social hierarchy and the inequalities which they help to naturalize.

Comment citer ce volume :

Corentin Cohen

, Nigerian confraternities to conquer the world ? / Les Études du CERI, N°258, December 2021, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Erica Guevara

Election Observation in Latin America. Actors, Methods, Viewpoints
N°257
October 2021
Argentina, Ecuador, Expertise, Fight against crime and corruption, Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Sociology, Les études du CERI

Election observation has grown exponentially over the past three decades and has become a tool for legitimizing elections on a global scale. These missions have played different roles that have overlapped over time: observers are seen as doctors, police officers, judges and election experts. A great diversity of national and international actors is involved in the organization of the missions, in what has become a real professional environment. However, little is known about the concrete operation of these missions and the factors that determine how the observer’s eye is shaped. A pioneer in election observation, Latin America offers a prime field to study them. Participatory and comparative observation of the practices adopted by three types of actors (international organizations, regional organizations of electoral authorities and NGOs) in three different countries (Ecuador, Colombia and Mexico) makes it possible to show to what extent objectives, methodologies and results of these organizations differ. Contrary to the rhetoric displayed by governments, rather than a unique election observation mission, there are many points of view that depend on the role adopted by the organization and the many constraints on its work.

Comment citer ce volume :

Erica Guevara

, Election Observation in Latin America. Actors, Methods, Viewpoints / Les Études du CERI, N°257, October 2021, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Hélène Combes

The Seville Feria. A Sold-Out People’s Festival
N°256
May 2021
Collective mobilizations, Identities, Material cultures, Memory and politics of the past, NGOs / Civil society, Social policy, Sociology, Spain, Western Europe, Anthropology, Les études du CERI

Although the Seville Fair is part of a lively tradition of popular festivals, it clearly distinguishes itself from others of its kind on account of its very exclusive nature. The festival is organised around casetas, small traditional-style fabric houses, the vast majority of which are private (only 1.7% of the 1,052 casetas are open to the public). Because it is a site of social exclusivity par excellence, a place for upholding family social capital (sometimes across several generations), the fair challenges the democratic society and triggers controversy and debate, especially when it comes to its management by the municipality. Its model of a sold-out party has also given birth to the phenomenon of a counter-feria, which developed during the moment of democratic transition around organisations of political opposition. Offering a history of the feria that splits up the group, that strips away its illusion and reinscribes it in the social and political trajectories of the individuals and groups that participate in it transforms this prominent object of local chronicles and tourist brochures into an object of social science that enables the examination of social and political networks.

Comment citer ce volume :

Hélène Combes

, The Seville Feria. A Sold-Out People’s Festival / Les Études du CERI, N°256, May 2021, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Anne de Tinguy (dir.)

Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2020: the year in politics
N°254
-255
February 2021
Arctic / Antarctica, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Caucasus / Central Asia, Collective mobilizations, Conflict resolution, Democratization, Disasters, Economic transactions, Economy, Environment, European Union, Europeanization, Georgia, Governance, Health, Human rights, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Nationalism, Russia, Russian Federation, Sociology, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Les études du CERI

Looking into Eurasia : the year in politics provides some keys to understand the events and phenomena that have left their imprint on a region that has undergone major mutation since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991: the post-soviet space. With a cross-cutting approach that is no way claims to be exhaustive, this study seeks to identify the key drivers, the regional dynamics and the underlying issues at stake

Comment citer ce volume :

Anne de Tinguy (dir.)

, Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2020: the year in politics / Les Études du CERI, N°254-255, February 2021, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Olivier Dabène (Dir.)

Amérique latine - L’année politique 2020
N°252
-253
January 2021
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Collective mobilizations, Economy, Governance, Health, History, Latin America and the Caribbean, Memory and politics of the past, Peru, Political science, Poverty, Social policy, Sociology, State, Uruguay, Wars / Conflicts, Anthropology, Les études du CERI

Amérique latine - L’Année politique is a publication by CERI-Sciences Po’s Political Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OPALC). The study extends the work presented on the Observatory’s website (www.sciencespo.fr/opalc) by offering tools for understanding a continent that is in the grip of deep transformations.

Comment citer ce volume :

Olivier Dabène (Dir.)

, Amérique latine - L’année politique 2020 / Les Études du CERI, N°252-253, January 2021, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Christophe Jaffrelot et Nicolas Belorgey

Biometric Identification of 1.3 Billion Indians. The Business Community, the State and the Civil Society
N°251
November 2020
Ethics, Fight against crime and corruption, Governance, India, Law, Law, New technologies, Norms, Political order, Political science, Social policy, Sociology, South Asia, State, Les études du CERI

In 2009, India embarked on a scheme for the biometric identification of its people. This project was conceived by IT companies based in Bengaluru. The programme’s main architect, Nandan Nilekani, was in fact the head of one of these firms. The idea behind the project was to use digital technology – and the data it enables to collect – for economic ends. But to register the entire Indian population, the State had to be persuaded to be involved in the project, later named as "Aadhaar". The rationale that secured the government’s engagement was financial: using Aadhaar would help disburse aid to the poor while minimising the "leakages" caused by corruption and duplicates among beneficiaries. Yet, possessing an Aadhaar number gradually became necessary for a number of other things, too, including tax payment. When approached to rule on this matter, the Supreme Court dragged its feet and did not seek to decisively protect people’s privacy. As for the avowed aim of the scheme itself, Aadhaar did not improve the quality of the services rendered to the poor – far from it – and its economic impact, too, remains to be proven, even if operators who believe that "data is the new oil" consider benefits in a long term perspective.

Comment citer ce volume :

Christophe Jaffrelot et Nicolas Belorgey

, Biometric Identification of 1.3 Billion Indians. The Business Community, the State and the Civil Society / Les Études du CERI, N°251, November 2020, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
The French Diaspora in London in times of Brexit
N°250
July 2020
Diasporas, European Union, Politics / Political Systems, Social policy, Sociology, United Kingdom, Western Europe, Les études du CERI

300,000 French people are permanently settled in the British capital city. They do not form a monolitic community, but various social groups marked by differences in economic and cultural capital. The French state has developed a strong institutional presence to meet the needs of this London based diaspora (consular services, cultural institute, schools, business support). The system is supplemented by associative structures that provide social services. French Londoners also have their own political representation: members of the French parliament, consular advisers, members of the Advisory Committee of the Union of French Nationals Abroad. These mandates give rise to elections and an extraterritorialisation of French politics. Brexit obliges the French Londoners—who have retained their French nationality—to consider the future of their resident status. They will have to negotiate with the British State. The new migration policies of the United Kingdom will also make the possibility to settle in London more difficult for French citizens.

Comment citer ce volume : Christian Lequesne, The French Diaspora in London in times of Brexit / Les Études du CERI, N°250, July 2020, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Etienne Smith

Voting Far Away. Transnational Electoral Dynamics in the Ninth Constituency of French Citizens Abroad
N°249
April 2020
Algeria, Burkina Faso, Collective mobilizations, Global history, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, North Africa, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Senegal, Sociology, State, Transnational, West Africa, Les études du CERI

While it often attracts media attention for its atypical aspects, the vote of French nationals abroad has rarely been the subject of in-depth fieldwork. This study of electoral dynamics in the ninth constituency of French citizens abroad (North Africa and West Africa) during the presidential and legislative elections of 2017 questions the constraints on the nomination process and candidacies, the transnational blurring of what is at stake during the election, and the effects of atypical campaigning in electoral archipelagos characterized both by their strong localism and their particular connection to broader geopolitical issues. This contribution shows how the meanings and stakes of extraterritorial voting are multivocal depending on the actors involved (candidates, voters, local media, authorities in the host country). Does overseas voting bring about a French community abroad or does it rather reveal the persistent differentiations at work between French communities according to origin, relationship to the “host” country and to “autochtony”, social status and the temporality of integration abroad?

Comment citer ce volume :

Etienne Smith

, Voting Far Away. Transnational Electoral Dynamics in the Ninth Constituency of French Citizens Abroad / Les Études du CERI, N°249, April 2020, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Anne de Tinguy (dir.)

Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2019: the year in politics
N°247
-248
February 2020
Arctic / Antarctica, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Borders, Caucasus / Central Asia, Conflict resolution, Democratization, Demography, Diasporas, Energy / Natural resources, Europeanization, Georgia, Global realm, International security, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Multilateralism, Networks, Political economy, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Power, Religions, Russia, Russian Federation, Security policy, Sovereignty, State, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Wars / Conflicts, Les études du CERI

Looking into Eurasia : the year in politics provides some keys to understand the events and phenomena that have left their imprint on a region that has undergone major mutation since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991: the post-soviet space. With a cross-cutting approach that is no way claims to be exhaustive, this study seeks to identify the key drivers, the regional dynamics and the underlying issues at stake

Comment citer ce volume :

Anne de Tinguy (dir.)

, Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2019: the year in politics / Les Études du CERI, N°247-248, February 2020, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes de Sciences Po

AMÉRIQUE LATINE - L’ANNÉE POLITIQUE 2019
N°245
-246
January 2020
Argentina, Bolivia, Borders, Brazil, Collective mobilizations, Colombia, Economic transactions, Governance, Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Political economy, Political order, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Regional integration, State, Transnational, United States, Uruguay, Venezuela, Violence, Les études du CERI

Amérique latine - L’Année politique is a publication by CERI-Sciences Po’s Political Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OPALC). The study extends the work presented on the Observatory’s website (www.sciencespo.fr/opalc) by offering tools for understanding a continent that is in the grip of deep transformations.

Comment citer ce volume :

Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes de Sciences Po

, AMÉRIQUE LATINE - L’ANNÉE POLITIQUE 2019 / Les Études du CERI, N°245-246, January 2020, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
The Ambivalence of British Arms Policy Towards Europe
N°244
May 2019
Defense policy, European Union, Europeanization, Political economy, Security policy, United Kingdom, Wars / Conflicts, Western Europe, Les études du CERI

Published in the context of Brexit, this research paper analyses the ‘double relationship’ between Britain and Europe: being ‘in’ by taking part in co-operation with other European states, and at the same time being ‘out’ by staying away from or even leaving multilateral programmes in Europe. This dilemma is worked on from the case of defence procurement policy. How does the British government decide to be both ‘in’ and ‘out’ of Europe by participating in the A400M military transport aircraft programme and withdrawing from the EuroMale UAV programme? Based on exclusive data, the decision in favour of the A400M (‘in’) is explained by the action of political, administrative and industrial actors who perceive the A400M as a ‘truck’ rather than a ‘race car’. As for the British State’s decision not to participate in the EuroMale programme (‘out’), it is conditioned by a weakening of the political will of political actors, and at the same time by a strengthening of conflicting relations between French and British administrations and industries. In doing so, this research contributes to the literature on the acquisition of armaments in strategic studies, and to the literature on differentiated integration in European studies.

Comment citer ce volume : , The Ambivalence of British Arms Policy Towards Europe / Les Études du CERI, N°244, May 2019, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
Who’s Watching the Watchmen? Corporate Security and the Manufacturing of Uncertainty in Karachi
N°243
April 2019
Crime, Fight against crime and corruption, Material cultures, Pakistan, Political economy, Political science, Security policy, Social policy, Sociology, South Asia, Urbanization, Violence, Les études du CERI

The history of industrial capitalism and its modes of domination is intimately linked to that of violent entrepreneurs deploying their coercive resources at the service of workplace discipline, the extraction of surplus value and the securitization of the accumulation cycle. The relationship between capital and coercion is always fraught with tensions, though, and sustains new vulnerabilities among security-consuming elites. The manufacturing economy of Karachi is a particularly fertile ground for studying this endogenous production of insecurity by security devices. The relations between Karachi’s factory owners and their guards have generated their own economy of suspicion. Various attempts to conjure this shaky domination have generated new uncertainties, calling for new methods of control to keep the guards themselves under watch.

Comment citer ce volume : Laurent Gayer, Who’s Watching the Watchmen? Corporate Security and the Manufacturing of Uncertainty in Karachi / Les Études du CERI, N°243, April 2019, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes de Sciences Po

Amérique latine - L’année politique 2018
N°239
-240
January 2019
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Collective mobilizations, Colombia, Conflict resolution, Costa Rica, Crime, Cuba, Democratization, Economy, Emerging States, Fight against crime and corruption, Governance, Latin America and the Caribbean, Memory and politics of the past, Mexico, Nationalism, NGOs / Civil society, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peace / Peacekeeping, Peru, Political economy, Political order, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Regional integration, Religions, Security policy, Transnational actors, Venezuela, Violence, Les études du CERI

Amérique latine - L’Année politique is a publication by CERI-Sciences Po’s Political Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OPALC). The study extends the work presented on the Observatory’s website (www.sciencespo.fr/opalc) by offering tools for understanding a continent that is in the grip of deep transformations.

Comment citer ce volume :

Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes de Sciences Po

, Amérique latine - L’année politique 2018 / Les Études du CERI, N°239-240, January 2019, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
The life story of a Generation : Chinese born under socialist China
N°238
December 2018
China, Democratization, History, Memory and politics of the past, North-East Asia, Political order, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Sociology, Les études du CERI

One of the most striking phenomena of China’s recent history is the singular life trajectory of the generation born in large metropolises between the end of the 1940s and the early 1950s. After having endured with full force their country’s upheavals and ruptures after 1949, the people of this generation occupy dominant positions in most sectors of social life today. Yet despite its importance, the history of this generation—who contributed to build what China is today—has not triggered much academic research. The seven life stories presented in this study provide information and a testimony that help understand how these people elaborate a discourse on their personal experience. Analysing this discourse makes it possible to grasp the connections between individual life paths and events as well as social determinations.

Comment citer ce volume : Jean-Louis Rocca, The life story of a Generation : Chinese born under socialist China / Les Études du CERI, N°238, December 2018, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
Crony Capitalism in India under Narendra Modi
N°237
September 2018
Ethics, Fight against crime and corruption, Governance, India, Networks, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Social policy, Sociology, South Asia, Les études du CERI

Business and politics in India have been closely connected since the colonial era, when entrepreneurs financed politicians who, in exchange, spared them some of the bureaucratic red tape. This proximity has endured after independence, even if Nehru’s official socialism subjected it to some constraints. Far from mitigating corruption, economic liberalization during the 1990s actually amplified it when large investors, attracted by the opening of the Indian market, paid huge bribes to political leaders, who often became businessmen themselves and forced public banks to lend to industrialists close to them, while businessmen were elected to Parliament, increasing insider trading. As it is observed in the modern era under Narendra Modi, be it at the national level and in his state of Gujarat, crony capitalism is well illustrated by Modi’s relationship to Gautam Adani, the rising star of Indian business. Crony capitalism has a financial cost (due to the under-taxation of companies and dubious debts on the banks’ balance sheets), a social cost (due to underpaid work and a reduction of the expenditure of education or health for lack of fiscal resources) and the environment (crony capitalists disregarding the most basic standards).

Comment citer ce volume : Christophe Jaffrelot, Crony Capitalism in India under Narendra Modi / Les Études du CERI, N°237, September 2018, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Anne de Tinguy (dir.)

Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2017: the year in politics
N°235
-236
February 2018
Azerbaijan, Belarus, Borders, Caucasus / Central Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, Conflict resolution, Czech Republic, Economic transactions, Energy / Natural resources, European Union, Europeanization, Fight against crime and corruption, Georgia, Globalization, Human rights, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Markets / Finance, Memory and politics of the past, Nationalism, Poland, Political economy, Political order, Political science, Russia, Slovakia, Territory, Terrorism, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Violence, Les études du CERI

Looking into Eurasia : the year in politics provides some keys to understand the events and phenomena that have left their imprint on a region that has undergone major mutation since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991: the post-soviet space. With a cross-cutting approach that is no way claims to be exhaustive, this study seeks to identify the key drivers, the regional dynamics and the underlying issues at stake

Comment citer ce volume :

Anne de Tinguy (dir.)

, Looking into Eurasia - A review of 2017: the year in politics / Les Études du CERI, N°235-236, February 2018, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes de Sciences Po

Amérique latine - L’année politique 2017
N°233
-234
January 2018
Argentina, Bolivia, Borders, Brazil, Chile, Collective mobilizations, Colombia, Costa Rica, Democratization, Dominican Republic, Economic transactions, Fight against crime and corruption, Haiti, Jamaica, Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peace / Peacekeeping, Peru, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Regional integration, Sovereignty, State, Trade, Transnational, Transnational actors, Venezuela, Les études du CERI

Amérique latine - L’Année politique 2017 est une publication de l’Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes (Opalc) du CERI-Sciences Po. Il prolonge la démarche du site www.sciencespo.fr/opalc en offrant des clés de compréhension d’un continent en proie à des transformations profondes.

Comment citer ce volume :

Observatoire politique de l’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes de Sciences Po

, Amérique latine - L’année politique 2017 / Les Études du CERI, N°233-234, January 2018, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Kevin Parthenay

The Governance of Latin American Regional Organizations A Comparative Study of the Role of General Secretaries
N°232
January 2018
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Governance, Haiti, Latin America and the Caribbean, Mexico, Multilateralism, Networks, Nicaragua, Peru, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Regional integration, Sociology, Sovereignty, State, Les études du CERI

In Latin America, as elsewhere in the world, regional and subregional organizations have multiplied recently. Scholars tend to focus on the variety of regionalisms or their ever changing nature (post-liberal, post-hegemonic...). This study, through a political sociology of regionalism approach, examines Latin American regions and their actors and goes beyond the first set of questions. In this perspective, scrutinizing the regional General Secretaries of the sub-continent is particularly useful to understand how regional powers emerge. With a specific focus on the Southern Common Market (UNSUR), the Common Market of the South (MERCOSUR), the Andean Community of Nations (CAN) and the Central American Integration System (SICA), this research offers a more precise answer to the question of the configuration of power within Latin American regionalisms.

Comment citer ce volume :

Kevin Parthenay

, The Governance of Latin American Regional Organizations A Comparative Study of the Role of General Secretaries / Les Études du CERI, N°232, January 2018, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Charlotte Thomas

Being a Kashmiri in Delhi. Experiencing Long-distance Nationalism
N°231
June 2017
Borders, Human rights, India, Material cultures, Political science, Regional integration, Sociology, South Asia, Sovereignty, State, Territory, Terrorism, Wars / Conflicts, Les études du CERI

Armed combatant and leader of the Hizbul Mujahideen Burhan Wani was killed by the Indian Army in July 2016. This killing triggered a new phase of insurgency in Kashmir. In the Valley, the local populace started mobilizing against the Indian State in the name of azadi, (freedom). In such volatile context, the production of the national sentiment of the Kashmiris is documented from a distanciated perspective. Frontiers of the national group are explored from New Delhi, as well as the logics of differentiation and otherification of the Kashmiri group towards the Indian one. Kashmiri nationalism therefore more clearly appears in a negative definition (what a Kashmiri is not) than in a positive definition (what a Kashmiri is). The slight and incremental slip of the meaning of azadi demands is at the heart of Kashmiri nationalism. From an original demand for greater autonomy within the Indian Republic, demands of azadi now refer to the independence of the Valley – yet there are nuances that will be studied. They also convey an utter rejection of “Indianess” whether national or citizen. In that respect, New Delhi’s negating the political aspect of the mobilizations that are taking place in the Kashmir Valley has dramatically fuelled the national sentiment of the Kashmiris. The current insurgency that started in July 2016 has sped up the pace of the process. Despite the escalating tensions in the Valley, New Delhi keeps refusing to consider the political dimension of the local social movements, be they violent or peaceful. That is the reason why, beyond Kashmir and Kashmiris themselves, studying the political demands of the Kashmiri population does shed a light on the functioning of the Indian nation and the Indian state.

Comment citer ce volume :

Charlotte Thomas

, Being a Kashmiri in Delhi. Experiencing Long-distance Nationalism / Les Études du CERI, N°231, June 2017, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
Elections and notability in Iran. Analyzing the 2016 legislative vote in four wards
N°230
May 2017
Borders, Democratization, Governance, Identities, Iran, Middle East, Networks, Political science, Politics / Political Systems, Sociology, State, Les études du CERI

Elections have been trivialized in Iran. They allow for the expression of diversity, in particular ethnical and denominational, of historical regional identities, and prove the growing professionalization of political life. Paradoxically, such professionalization withdraws the Republic away into the levels of family, parenthood, autochthony, and even neighborhoods or devotional sociability, which are all institutions that instill a feeling of proximity, solidarity, communion; close to the notion of asabiyat. As the saying goes, the Islamic Republic has become a « parentocracy » (tâyefehsâlâri). The country’s industrial development isn’t at odds with such ponderousness since it lies on a web of very small family businesses. The analysis of the 2016 legislative elections in four wards reveals how important the issue of property is in political life, indivisible as it is of the various particularistic consciences. The connections with notables are still there, revealing lines of continuity with the old regime as well as longstanding agrarian conflicts that have not been erased by the Revolution and that are being kept alive through contemporary elections.

Comment citer ce volume : Fariba Adelkhah, Elections and notability in Iran. Analyzing the 2016 legislative vote in four wards / Les Études du CERI, N°230, May 2017, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].

Anne de Tinguy (Dir.)

Regards sur l’Eurasie - L’année politique 2016
N°228
-229
February 2017
Comment citer ce volume :

Anne de Tinguy (Dir.)

, Regards sur l’Eurasie - L’année politique 2016 / Les Études du CERI, N°228-229, February 2017, [en ligne, www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/papier/etude].
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