Energy efficiency is a key pillar of the European Green Deal. While energy efficiency policies are necessary to deliver on the aim of a full decarbonisation by 2050, their conceptualization is complex, combining technical, economic, legal and behavioural aspects. This working paper looks into design options for future energy efficiency policies in the European Union. It is based on the contribution of five analyses that were written by students as part of a joint master’s class of Sciences Po Paris and experts from the European Commission’s Directorate General for Energy during the Spring 2022-2023 semester. 

The fields of study are:

• Field 1: Defining and promoting energy efficiency 
• Field 2: Developing Energy Efficiency Markets 
• Field 3: Energy Efficiency policy and competitiveness of the European Industry 
• Field 4: Closing the investment gap to deliver energy efficiency targets 
• Field 5: Developing a framework for the Energy Efficiency First (E1st) principle 
• Field 6: Stimulating the intrinsic motivation for energy efficiency at household and local levels 

Authors: Ximena BÉNARD-TERTRAIS, Markus BENSICTS, Femke BOSCH, Thomas COMTET, Coline GRIMÉE, Julia GUBLER, Hamza GURDIC, Amandine HESS, Theresa JAHR, Alice LATELLA, Oscar LAVIOLETTE, Orla MCALINDEN, Léa MELTZ, Roberta MILO, Giulo NICOLETTI, Su Min PARK, Marie POFF, Yuna SELLAMI, Geronimo SILVA-BUVERTE, Emma SCHWENTER, Melani SKENDERI, Erik STYLIANIDIS, Alzbeta VITKOVA