{"id":9752,"date":"2020-07-03T11:15:05","date_gmt":"2020-07-03T09:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/?p=9752"},"modified":"2020-07-07T08:24:56","modified_gmt":"2020-07-07T06:24:56","slug":"how-private-international-law-reveals-our-relationship-to-the-other","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/how-private-international-law-reveals-our-relationship-to-the-other\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"How Private International Law Reveals our Relationship to the Other"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_9250\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9250\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9250 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/9789004395596.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/9789004395596.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/9789004395596-191x300.jpg 191w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/9789004395596-93x146.jpg 93w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/9789004395596-32x50.jpg 32w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/9789004395596-48x75.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9250\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Brill<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How does private international law structure and reveal our relationship to alterity? How does this discipline, which may appear to be far-removed from both national and everyday concerns, affect our societies? The analysis of the philosophy of private international law that Horatia Muir Watt proposes in her book <\/span><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lgdj.fr\/discours-sur-les-methodes-du-droit-international-prive-des-formes-juridiques-de-l-inter-alterite-9789004395589.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discours sur les m\u00e9thodes du droit international priv\u00e9 (des formes juridiques de l&#8217;inter-alt\u00e9rit\u00e9)<\/span><\/a><\/em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> [<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Discourse on the methods of private international law (on the legal forms of inter-otherness)] provides a more global reflection from the perspective of\u00a0 the social sciences on our ways of addressing difference, whether\u00a0 in culture, legal practice, or more generally in our forms of life.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The objective of your book is to review the philosophy of private international law. On what findings is this undertaking based? How should we understand this discipline today?<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Horatia Muir-Watt: <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The book is based on the idea that private international law provides a specific lens through which to view\u00a0 the &#8220;global turn&#8221; in law, since its traditional remit covers all legal relationships that develop beyond nation states. The he challenge to the prescriptive\u00a0 monopoly of states\u00a0 is precisely at the heart of contemporary upheavals in legal theory. This book seeks to revisit the methods of private international law in order to develop an alternative vision to that of modernity with regard to the association between law and state. Its broader purport\u00a0 concerns the role of the law in defining otherness in our societies and within the political economy. Its stance is\u00a0 critical, but it also has a transformative potential. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The stakes are not merely theoretical. Influential literature from other disciplines has recently drawn attention to a phenomenon that critical jurists have long taken for granted: that neither markets, property, labor, nor family are social objects endogenous to law, whose role would be to regulate them as it were from the outside . On the contrary, the law is constitutive of the market<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_9752_1('footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_9752_1('footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9752_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">We think of finance theory in <a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691178974\/the-code-of-capital\"><i>The Code of Capital <\/i><\/a>, Katarina Pistor, Princeton University Press, 2019.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9752_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or property<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_9752_1('footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_9752_1('footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(2)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9752_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seuil.com\/ouvrage\/capital-et-ideologie-thomas-piketty\/9782021338041\"><i>Capital et Id\u00e9ologie<\/i><\/a>, Thomas Piketty, Seuil, 2019.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9752_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This is true in national contexts, but when borders become porous, the foundational role of private international law is even more significant. This role extends beyond the economic and financial spheres to the definition of the person and the delimitation of the national community. The study carried out here helps tounderstandhow the methods specific to this discipline operate, and how things could be otherwise. <\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9252\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9252\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9252 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3428775202_0d7140f9cf_w-300x201.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"201\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3428775202_0d7140f9cf_w-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3428775202_0d7140f9cf_w-218x146.jpg 218w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3428775202_0d7140f9cf_w-50x34.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3428775202_0d7140f9cf_w-112x75.jpg 112w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/3428775202_0d7140f9cf_w.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mufurila smelter, Rep. Of Zambia. \u00a9 Amis de la Terre, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a traditional definition of the function of private international law, it manages the consequences of the plurality of legal systems potentially applicable to the same factual situation. For example, if a group of Zambian citizens seek legal redress for environmental damage experienced as a result of the extractive activities of a multinational company based in the United Kingdom, private international law will not indicate whether their claim will succeed, but rather specify what courts in which country have jurisdiction over their claim, and which national rules\u00a0 will apply on the merits. The jurisdictional issue is typically contested; generally, the question of applicable law is resolved through a combination of inputs from two or more different systems.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, while we need\u00a0 both conceptual and practical resources in order to respond to novel forms of normativity, or to new expressions s of competition between the rationales of different social spheres, the epistemology of private international law today is still embedded\u00a0 in classical nineteenth-century legal thought, and largely incapable of addressing such contemporary phenomena.<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this respect, classical legal thought\u00a0 is structured by the distinction between the public and private spheres, and imbued with the mantra of legal neutrality. Additionally, while the function of private international law is to regulate the acceptance of foreign norms, and as Western societies become increasingly\u00a0 multicultural, its categories and modes of reasoning show little creativity when it comes to thinking and accepting otherness.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9256\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9256\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9256 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/shutterstock_602151149-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/shutterstock_602151149-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/shutterstock_602151149-219x146.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/shutterstock_602151149-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/shutterstock_602151149-112x75.jpg 112w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/shutterstock_602151149.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This ossification is all the more significant that the stakes of the issues that fall with the remit of the discipline are significant: financial markets, global value chains, the legal regime of multinational companies, as well as the status of people, families, and the national community itself. Yet, as I have just underscored, private international law shapes them and simultaneously makes them appear as natural phenomena to be regulated, but casts such regulation as impossible. This is what makes it urgent to reflect on the legal methods it deploys.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A central tenet of your work is to question the exclusionary nature of private international law. What has justified this position, that\u00a0 you describe as a refusal of foreignness? How is such an attitude expressed?<\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Horatia Muir-Watt : <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the central themes of the book is indeed the law\u2019s relationship toalterity. The otherness involved here is literally the foreignness (i.e. foreign origin) of the legal norms that are intended to penetrate a host legal order.The idea is to take the methods of private international law seriously and ask how law (in general)deals with such otherness \u2013 be it in the form of foreign laws, heterogenous cultural norms, or just people from elsewhere.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9258\" style=\"width: 210px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9258\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9258 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adult_attractive_book_stack_books_bookshelves_bookstore_fashion_fashionable-1548791.jpgd_-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adult_attractive_book_stack_books_bookshelves_bookstore_fashion_fashionable-1548791.jpgd_-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adult_attractive_book_stack_books_bookshelves_bookstore_fashion_fashionable-1548791.jpgd_-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adult_attractive_book_stack_books_bookshelves_bookstore_fashion_fashionable-1548791.jpgd_-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adult_attractive_book_stack_books_bookshelves_bookstore_fashion_fashionable-1548791.jpgd_-97x146.jpg 97w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adult_attractive_book_stack_books_bookshelves_bookstore_fashion_fashionable-1548791.jpgd_-33x50.jpg 33w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adult_attractive_book_stack_books_bookshelves_bookstore_fashion_fashionable-1548791.jpgd_-50x75.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/adult_attractive_book_stack_books_bookshelves_bookstore_fashion_fashionable-1548791.jpgd_.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9258\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Pxhere<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The goal is to increase understanding of the deeper, implicit and often unconscious issues at stake in methodological choices. Indeed, at a metaphorical level, private international law can be seen as mirroring societal ideas or attitudes about difference. Here, the assumption is that social controversies penetrate the law through complex processes; today more than ever, these issues are decided by judges, as the field of private law is not only judicialised but constitutionalised.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In this respect, my point is not to say that private international law has always been used to exclude difference. Rather, as an entry point in the legal order of acceptance, it more or less visibly selects what may or may not cross its border. A myth that was inherited from classical thought, and that is being revived today, is that the exclusion of foreign norms dissimilar to ours remains exceptional. The aforementioned mantra of neutrality is expressed here in the form of impartiality of the methods used.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In reality, the selection of foreign norms deemed to be acceptable is much more invasive, and more frequently exclusionary, than is usually thought. It goes unnoticed because it is inherent to the legal categories used and generally taken for granted. This analysis is obviously not limited to private law concepts or to the international context: Etienne Balibar has demonstrated, for example, the exclusionary dynamic in the internal law of institutions such as the Church or the family<\/span><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_9752_1('footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_9752_1('footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(3)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9752_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00c9tienne Balibar &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.editions-galilee.fr\/f\/index.php?sp=liv&amp;livre_id=3457\"><em>Des Universels. Essais et Conf\u00e9rences<\/em><\/a>, \u00c9ditions Galil\u00e9e, 2016.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9752_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9260\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9260\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9260 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muslim_wedding_in_India-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muslim_wedding_in_India-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muslim_wedding_in_India-219x146.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muslim_wedding_in_India-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muslim_wedding_in_India-112x75.jpg 112w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muslim_wedding_in_India.jpg 699w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9260\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Muslim couple being wed alongside the Tungabhadra River at Hampi, India. \u00a9 Claude Renault, Wikim\u00e9dia<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But the international context points more emblematically to the question of cultural difference. For example, different family law institutions from the Muslim world are currently excluded to various degrees in Western legal systems because they do not fit into the dominant categories: a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">kafala<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is not an adoption, and the decision to wear a headscarf is not governed by the law otherwise applicable to a woman\u2019s personal status.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this respect, the law has always delineated its own boundary vis-\u00e0-vis the public sphere (be it internal politics or geopolitics) through constitutional doctrines (in the broad sense), such as the separation of powers, sovereign immunity, the non-justiciability of state acts (or Crown privilege), etc. But these doctrines are based on a delimitation between the public and private spheres that is now completely outdated. State courts nonetheless use them to refuse to recognise, for example, the claims of foreign civilians for damage caused by occupying troops abroad, or of victims of human rights violations by multinationals in other countries, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9264\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.etonnante-epoque.fr\/pourquoi-les-gafa-font-tout-pour-ne-pas-payer-d-impots\/\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9264\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9264 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/img_0183-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/img_0183-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/img_0183-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/img_0183.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/img_0183-219x146.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/img_0183-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/img_0183-112x75.jpg 112w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-9264\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesting Against Apple&#8217;s Tax Policy &#8211; Dublin Street Art \u00a9 William Murphy CC BY-SA 2.0<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, since the implementation (in particular through litigation) of law serves as a crucible for the transformation of political claims into individual rights, private international lawsuits are highly political. This is the case in transnational litigation against multinational companies seeking compensation for environmental damage; lawsuits against digital platforms for racial discrimination or other egregious working conditions affecting the entire labor market). The same selection process then unfolds under the cover of highly technical legal rules.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, the exclusionary effect appears in many fields. This book suggests that private international law should be used to develop a more inclusive model of differences \u2013 a &#8220;law of inter-alterity&#8221;, by comparing and exchanging its knowledge with other disciplines.<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In order to carry out what you call a de-centering of the analysis of private international law, you call upon many other disciplines among\u00a0 the social sciences and humanities: philosophy, politics, and even aesthetics. How did they enrich your approach?<\/span><\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_9268\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9268\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9268 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_1034738296-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_1034738296-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_1034738296-219x146.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_1034738296-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_1034738296-112x75.jpg 112w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_1034738296.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9268\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 Lightspring, Shutterstock<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Horatia Muir-Watt : <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This de-centering is needed because private international law, insofar as it is positioned as\u00a0 distantiated or neutral with respect to the substantive issues at stake, has\u00a0 enjoyed a certain level of immunity from the critical theories issuing from the social sciences and humanities that have affected other branches of law. The analysis of private international law in other words has escaped\u00a0 challenges to the legal discourse itself (feminist, post-colonial etc) or,\u00a0 in its use of borders, territoriality, and the spatial distribution of laws, contestation from critical geography . Today, however, it is striking to note that the vocabulary of private international law is very much present\u00a0 in political debates (sovereignty, identity, territoriality, nationality, etc.). In these contexts, it lends credence to the idea of a certain neutrality of concepts despite their\u00a0 specific political and ethical underpinnings.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The wager here is that the legal treatment of otherness is linked to aesthetic, political, and ethical approaches that similarly address the relationship to the other. <\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9270\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9270\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-9270 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/palais-de-justice-300x100.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/palais-de-justice-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/palais-de-justice-260x87.jpg 260w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/palais-de-justice-50x17.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/palais-de-justice-150x50.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/palais-de-justice.jpg 542w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9270\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rouen courthouse &#8211; High Court of Justice in Hetauda (Nepal) \u00a9 Wikimedia<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More precisely, private international law methods could each be considered as part of a certain aesthetic, correlated with a political position and ethical register. This is a wager, because mobilising the resources of an interdisciplinary approach in this way in the service of legal critique is certainly a &#8220;dangerous method&#8221; to the extent that it seeks to reveal the hidden or unconscious aspects of legal reasoning. In this respect, the exploration I propose uses deconstruction and the critical epistemology of law, which jurists rarely employ.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aesthetic aspects are important because they help shape the law in different ways, often at a preconscious level. To act under the influence of a certain aestheticinvolves thinking about the law in a certain way.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_9272\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-9272\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-9272\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_313425230-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_313425230-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_313425230-219x146.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_313425230-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_313425230-112x75.jpg 112w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2002\/06\/shutterstock_313425230.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-9272\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">War refugees at the Keleti Railway Station on 4 September 2015 in Budapest, Hungary Source : Istvan Csak \/ Shutterstock.com<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, mobilising the resources of political analysis is tantamount to violating the taboo of the discipline\u2019s innocence. Finally, the field of ethics raises the question of tolerance and acceptance in situations that Judith Butler calls <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">up againstness<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, resulting from &#8220;<em>populations living in conditions of unwilled adjacency, the result of forced emigration or the redrawing of the boundaries of a nation-state, even though identity is &#8211; paradoxically &#8211; made up of differences<\/em>&#8220;<\/span><span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_9752_1('footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_9752_1('footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(4)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9752_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Judith Butler &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fayard.fr\/sciences-humaines\/rassemblement-9782213701158\"><em>Rassemblement. Pluralit\u00e9, performativit\u00e9 et politique<\/em><\/a>, Fayard, 2016.<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_9752_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<h5>In practical terms, how could this new approach be established and what would it yield?<\/h5>\n<p>Horatia Muir-Watt : <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The practical goal is to create a model for collaborative and reflexive modes of legal reasoning in order to better apprehend\u00a0 the coexistence of different normativities within our complex societies. One question is whether the objections to which this reasoning will inevitably give rise given current socio political conditions, would undermine any attempt to rebuild a methodology for organising the encounter with otherness. It would lead to a more inclusive approach to all the cases mentioned above. This would obviously involve convincing the main protagonists of the law (judges, legislators, and negotiators, NGOs and bar associations&#8230;) of its virtues. and\u00a0 would certainly be a lengthy political undertaking! <\/span><\/p>\n<pre><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/ecole-de-droit\/fr\/profile\/muir-watt-horatia.html\">Horatia Muir-Watt<\/a> is a university professor of private international law and comparative law. Using a comparative approach, she particularly focuses on private international law in global governance, fundamental rights, and international litigation.<\/pre>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Interview by H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Naudet, office of the VP for Research<br \/>\nTranslated by Carolyn Avery<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_9752_1();\">Notes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_9752_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_9752_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_9752_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Notes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_9752_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">We think of finance theory in <a href=\"https:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/books\/hardcover\/9780691178974\/the-code-of-capital\"><i>The Code of Capital <\/i><\/a>, Katarina Pistor, Princeton University Press, 2019.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_9752_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.seuil.com\/ouvrage\/capital-et-ideologie-thomas-piketty\/9782021338041\"><i>Capital et Id\u00e9ologie<\/i><\/a>, Thomas Piketty, Seuil, 2019.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_9752_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00c9tienne Balibar &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.editions-galilee.fr\/f\/index.php?sp=liv&amp;livre_id=3457\"><em>Des Universels. Essais et Conf\u00e9rences<\/em><\/a>, \u00c9ditions Galil\u00e9e, 2016.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_9752_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_9752_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_9752_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Judith Butler &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fayard.fr\/sciences-humaines\/rassemblement-9782213701158\"><em>Rassemblement. Pluralit\u00e9, performativit\u00e9 et politique<\/em><\/a>, Fayard, 2016.<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_9752_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_9752_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_9752_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_9752_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_9752_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_9752_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_9752_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_9752_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_9752_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_9752_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_9752_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_9752_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_9752_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_9752_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How does private international law structure and reveal our relationship to alterity? 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