{"id":8703,"date":"2020-04-26T09:30:37","date_gmt":"2020-04-26T07:30:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/?p=8703"},"modified":"2023-11-07T16:08:30","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T14:08:30","slug":"changement-climatique-et-sexes-des-perspectives-en-concurrence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/changement-climatique-et-sexes-des-perspectives-en-concurrence\/","title":{"rendered":"Changement climatique et sexes : des perspectives en concurrence"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">par Helena Alviar Garcia, \u00c9cole de droit*<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8705\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8705\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8705\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3088937987_57cf103212_c-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3088937987_57cf103212_c-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3088937987_57cf103212_c-110x146.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3088937987_57cf103212_c-38x50.jpg 38w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3088937987_57cf103212_c-56x75.jpg 56w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3088937987_57cf103212_c.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8705\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">International Day of Climate Action, dec. 208, Lima<br \/>Cr\u00e9dit image : 350 .org, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Est-il possible que la d\u00e9pr\u00e9dation de l&rsquo;environnement et le r\u00e9chauffement climatique affectent diff\u00e9remment les femmes et les hommes ? <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les f\u00e9ministes et certains acteurs de terrain posent cette question depuis plus d\u2019un demi-si\u00e8cle<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Les analyses propos\u00e9es sont diverses selon le type d\u2019\u00e9conomies consid\u00e9r\u00e9es, mais aussi selon la place des femmes dans ces mod\u00e8les et dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Femmes et d\u00e9veloppement durable : les fondamentaux<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u2019est au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 70 qu\u2019Ester Boserup,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u00e9conomiste danoise,<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> pose les bases d\u2019une r\u00e9flexion sur le lien entre les femmes et le d\u00e9veloppement durable. Dans son ouvrage \u201cWomen&rsquo;s Role in Economic Development\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_8703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_8703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8703_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ester Boserup, Women&rsquo;s Role in Economic Development, 1970<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8703_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, elle s&rsquo;int\u00e9resse \u00e0 la division sexu\u00e9e du travail agricole ainsi qu\u2019au r\u00f4le des femmes dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie de subsistance. Elle y souligne notamment que ce r\u00f4le pr\u00e9dominant les conduit \u00e0 \u00eatre plus enclines \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger l\u2019environnement. En d\u2019autres termes, les femmes sont en charge de la plantation des cultures destin\u00e9es \u00e0 la consommation domestique &#8211; telles que le ma\u00efs ou le plantain &#8211; ce qui les rend plus attentives aux changements climatiques, en particulier \u00e0 ceux qui entra\u00eenent s\u00e9cheresses et inondations. Des constats qui les am\u00e8nent \u00e0 mettre en place des pratiques plus respectueuses de l&rsquo;environnement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8709\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8709\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8709\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/woman-picking-fruits-under-gray-sky-2153824-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/woman-picking-fruits-under-gray-sky-2153824-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/woman-picking-fruits-under-gray-sky-2153824-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/woman-picking-fruits-under-gray-sky-2153824-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/woman-picking-fruits-under-gray-sky-2153824-219x146.jpg 219w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/woman-picking-fruits-under-gray-sky-2153824-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/woman-picking-fruits-under-gray-sky-2153824-113x75.jpg 113w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8709\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">R\u00e9colte du th\u00e9. Cr\u00e9dit image : Quang Nguyen Vinh, photo libre de droits<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Des recherches plus r\u00e9centes ont fait valoir que le changement climatique va affecter de fa\u00e7on disproportionn\u00e9e les plus pauvres des pauvres des pays du Sud en raison de leur voisinage avec les m\u00e9galopoles et du type d\u2019activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques qui sont les leurs. Il faut en outre remarquer que les cat\u00e9gories les plus d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es ne disposent ni d&rsquo;assurances, ni d\u2019\u00e9pargne et vivent dans des pays o\u00f9 les pouvoirs publics ne sont pas en mesure d\u2019aider leurs populations lors des catastrophes naturelles. Des situations o\u00f9 les femmes sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables. Pour ne prendre que l\u2019exemple des inondations : on ne leur a pas appris \u00e0 nager, alors que ce sont elles qui le plus souvent vont chercher l\u2019eau et p\u00eachent.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Quelles actions entreprendre ?<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les politiques et les chercheurs divergent quant \u00e0 l\u2019ampleur du probl\u00e8me et la mani\u00e8re d\u2019y apporter des r\u00e9ponses.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les f\u00e9ministes lib\u00e9rales centrent leur interpr\u00e9tation sur la sous-repr\u00e9sentation des femmes dans les milieux qui d\u00e9cident de l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques, du d\u00e9veloppement durable ou de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Elles revendiquent aussi un meilleur acc\u00e8s des femmes \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des terres et la possibilit\u00e9 de disposer d\u2019une aide technique et financi\u00e8re.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8711\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8711\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8711\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5059652210_951dcbd2f1_w-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5059652210_951dcbd2f1_w-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5059652210_951dcbd2f1_w-195x146.jpg 195w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5059652210_951dcbd2f1_w-50x38.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5059652210_951dcbd2f1_w-100x75.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/5059652210_951dcbd2f1_w.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8711\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manifestation en Espagne. Cr\u00e9dit image : Renaat, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De leur c\u00f4t\u00e9, les f\u00e9ministes mat\u00e9rialistes &#8211;<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">qui d\u00e9noncent l\u2019exploitation des femmes par le syst\u00e8me patriarcal<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; voient moins cette question comme relevant d\u2019un probl\u00e8me de repr\u00e9sentation ou d\u2019acc\u00e8s aux milieux de d\u00e9cision. Elles partagent avec les f\u00e9ministes lib\u00e9rales la volont\u00e9 de se d\u00e9partir d\u2019une vision romantique de la relation des femmes avec la nature. Mais elles s\u2019en distinguent en critiquant la division sexu\u00e9e du travail, qui marginalise les femmes et les cantonnent \u00e0 un r\u00f4le de production et de gestion de l\u2019alimentation, r\u00f4le qu\u2019on leur assigne sans leur permettre d&rsquo;\u00eatre v\u00e9ritablement propri\u00e9taires. Et d\u2019une mani\u00e8re plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, elles consid\u00e8rent que maintenir les femmes dans fonctions de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">care<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rend leur travail invisible.<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dans cette perspective, il est indispensable que les femmes b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019un soutien des pouvoirs publics dans le travail reproductif afin de briser le cercle de la pauvret\u00e9. Il s\u2019agirait aussi de pousser les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e0 prendre conscience de l\u2019importance de l\u2019agriculture de subsistance, des possibilit\u00e9s de la pratiquer en respectant l\u2019environnement, de sorte \u00e0 limiter le r\u00e9chauffement climatique.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8718\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8718\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8718\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screenshot_2020-04-25-photo-1501663035881-6e908b896401-Image-WEBP-752-\u00d7-500-pixels-300x199.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screenshot_2020-04-25-photo-1501663035881-6e908b896401-Image-WEBP-752-\u00d7-500-pixels-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screenshot_2020-04-25-photo-1501663035881-6e908b896401-Image-WEBP-752-\u00d7-500-pixels-220x146.png 220w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screenshot_2020-04-25-photo-1501663035881-6e908b896401-Image-WEBP-752-\u00d7-500-pixels-50x33.png 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screenshot_2020-04-25-photo-1501663035881-6e908b896401-Image-WEBP-752-\u00d7-500-pixels-113x75.png 113w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/Screenshot_2020-04-25-photo-1501663035881-6e908b896401-Image-WEBP-752-\u00d7-500-pixels.png 752w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8718\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cueillette au Sri Lanka. Cr\u00e9dits photo : Anton Mishin<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un troisi\u00e8me courant f\u00e9ministe que l\u2019on d\u00e9nomme f\u00e9minisme culturel ne se reconna\u00eet pas dans les questions d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, de repr\u00e9sentation ou d\u2019invisibilit\u00e9 du travail reproductif mais pr\u00f4ne une red\u00e9finition radicale du syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique. Selon ce courant, il est n\u00e9cessaire de repenser l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019\u00e9conomie afin d\u2019y incorporer une vision alternative, f\u00e9minine qui d\u00e9placerait la focale mise sur la croissance vers le d\u00e9veloppement durable et l&rsquo;interd\u00e9pendance.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De fait, la conception de l\u2019\u00e9conomie qui a pr\u00e9valu durant le 20e si\u00e8cle est celle d\u2019individus \u00e9go\u00efstes, isol\u00e9s, calculateurs, attach\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs propres pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences et dominant la nature. Une approche qui a largement fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 ce que nous sommes devenus. Mais, comme l&rsquo;exprimait Kate Raworth<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_8703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_8703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(2)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8703_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Kate Raworth &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguin.co.uk\/books\/110\/1107761\/doughnut-economics\/9781847941398.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st Century Economist<\/a>, Random House 2017<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8703_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, \u00ab\u00a0la nature humaine est bien plus riche que cette d\u00e9finition veut le faire croire, ainsi que le d\u00e9montre le nouveau portrait de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 qui est en train de se dessiner : nous sommes intrins\u00e8quement sociaux, interd\u00e9pendants, approximatifs, nos valeurs \u00e9voluent et notre destin est largement d\u00e9pendant de l\u2019ensemble du monde vivant\u00a0\u00bb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_8714\" style=\"width: 222px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/colombia.unwomen.org\/es\/biblioteca\/publicaciones\/2019\/12\/mujeres-que-cuidan-la-naturaleza#view\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8714\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mujeres-que-cuidan-la-naturaleza-212x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mujeres-que-cuidan-la-naturaleza-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mujeres-que-cuidan-la-naturaleza-103x146.png 103w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mujeres-que-cuidan-la-naturaleza-35x50.png 35w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mujeres-que-cuidan-la-naturaleza-53x75.png 53w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mujeres-que-cuidan-la-naturaleza.png 643w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-8714\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cr\u00e9dit : ONU Mujeres, ONU Medio Ambiente y Fundaci\u00f3n Natura<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Une de mes recherches pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes m\u2019a conduit \u00e0 analyser le r\u00f4le jou\u00e9 par la question des relations entre femmes et d\u00e9veloppement durable et l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux ressources des paysans en Colombie. J\u2019ai aussi examin\u00e9 ce qu\u2019il en \u00e9tait des dispositifs juridiques visant \u00e0 compenser les dommages subis par les victimes des conflits civils lesquels n\u2019aient pas \u00e9teints. Il s\u2019\u00e9tait av\u00e9r\u00e9 que les lois adopt\u00e9es prenaient bien en compte la relation entre femmes et d\u00e9veloppement durable. La plupart de ces dispositions \u00e9taient inspir\u00e9es de la pens\u00e9e des f\u00e9ministes lib\u00e9rales dans la mesure o\u00f9 elles visaient un acc\u00e8s \u00e9gal entre femmes et hommes aux politiques publiques de d\u00e9veloppement agricole, lesquelles incluaient les questions de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re, le cr\u00e9dit et l\u2019\u00e9ducation. Ces recherches m\u2019avaient amen\u00e9e \u00e0 conclure que malgr\u00e9 les mesures envisag\u00e9es (notamment celles qui privil\u00e9giaient les femmes comme b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires des aides et comme victimes \u00e0 indemniser). J\u2019en suis arriv\u00e9e au constat que malgr\u00e9 la prise en compte de la question de l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre sexes dans les mesures l\u00e9gislatives et \u00e9conomiques visant au d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019agro-business, l\u2019acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 des femmes \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des terrains agricoles et leur surcharge de travail engendr\u00e9e par leur travaux reproductifs ne permettait pas d&rsquo;avoir des effets durables<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_8703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_8703_1('footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(3)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8703_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Garc\u00eda, Helena Alviar \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44175843?seq=1\">Searching for women and sustainable development in Colombia: Restructuring the limits<\/a>\u201d. In <i>Fordham Environmental Law Review<\/i>, 2012<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_8703_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>..\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4>Un enjeu grandissant, mais plus d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s ?<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_8716\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8716\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-8716\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10533396535_1506ccc3ed_w-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10533396535_1506ccc3ed_w-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10533396535_1506ccc3ed_w-220x146.jpg 220w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10533396535_1506ccc3ed_w-50x33.jpg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10533396535_1506ccc3ed_w-113x75.jpg 113w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/10533396535_1506ccc3ed_w.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-8716\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inondations en Inde octobre 2013. Cr\u00e9dit photo: Samuel Marie-Fanon, EU\/ECHO 2013<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Quelles que soient les approches, chacune d\u2019entre elles ouvre des pistes pour mieux mesurer les diff\u00e9rents impacts du r\u00e9chauffement climatique. Il appara\u00eet tout d\u2019abord que les plus vuln\u00e9rables, femmes et hommes, en seront les premi\u00e8res victimes et que ce constat doit \u00eatre pris en compte dans toutes les r\u00e9ponses que l\u2019on souhaite y apporter. Deuxi\u00e8mement, il s\u2019av\u00e8re que les dangers g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le changement climatique peuvent permettre de repenser la croissance et les liens entre l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9 et la nature. Enfin, il devient \u00e9vident que les activit\u00e9s reproductrices, largement assum\u00e9es par les femmes et de fa\u00e7on invisible, les exposent \u00e0 des risques plus importants que ne les sont les hommes.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/ecole-de-droit\/fr\/profile\/helena-alviar-garcia.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helena Alviar Garcia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est professeure des universit\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole de droit de Sciences Po. Elle consacre ses recherches aux questions du d\u00e9veloppement durable, au droit de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, aux droits \u00e9conomiques et sociaux, au f\u00e9minisme et \u00e0 la justice accompagnant les sorties de conflits.<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><b><div class=\"idea_box\"><div class=\"icon\"><i class=\"icon-lamp\"><\/i><\/div><div class=\"desc\">Bibliographie<br \/>\n<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Helena Alviar Garc\u00eda &#8211; \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44175843?seq=1\">Searching for women and sustainable development in Colombia: Restructuring the limits<\/a>\u201d. In <i>Fordham Environmental Law Review<\/i>, 2012<\/li>\n<li>Helena Alviar Garc\u00eda &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.editorialtemis.com\/Temis\/C_Libros?Libro=CDatos&amp;codigo=02-000-0023\">Derecho, desarrollo y feminismo en Am\u00e9rica Latina [Law, Development and Feminism in Latin America]<\/a>, 2008, Editorial Temis, 2008 <b><\/div><\/div>\n<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_8703_1();\">Notes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_8703_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_8703_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_8703_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Notes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ester Boserup, Women&rsquo;s Role in Economic Development, 1970<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Kate Raworth &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.penguin.co.uk\/books\/110\/1107761\/doughnut-economics\/9781847941398.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st Century Economist<\/a>, Random House 2017<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_8703_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_8703_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_8703_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Garc\u00eda, Helena Alviar \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/44175843?seq=1\">Searching for women and sustainable development in Colombia: Restructuring the limits<\/a>\u201d. In <i>Fordham Environmental Law Review<\/i>, 2012<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_8703_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_8703_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_8703_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_8703_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_8703_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_8703_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_8703_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_8703_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_8703_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_8703_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_8703_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_8703_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_8703_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_8703_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>par Helena Alviar Garcia, \u00c9cole de droit* Est-il possible que la d\u00e9pr\u00e9dation de l&rsquo;environnement et le r\u00e9chauffement climatique affectent diff\u00e9remment les femmes et les hommes<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8718,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[324,254,44,246],"tags":[72,101,304,84],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8703"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8703"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8703\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8972,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8703\/revisions\/8972"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8703"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8703"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8703"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}