{"id":7961,"date":"2020-02-11T08:30:43","date_gmt":"2020-02-11T06:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/?p=7961"},"modified":"2020-02-25T15:20:46","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T13:20:46","slug":"fake-news-des-urls-a-leur-reception-inreallife","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/fake-news-des-urls-a-leur-reception-inreallife\/","title":{"rendered":"Des URLs des fake news \u00e0 leur r\u00e9ception IRL #InRealLife"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>par Manon Berriche, doctorante au m\u00e9dialab<\/em><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7968\" style=\"width: 217px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7968\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-7968 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/32289417116_7a57184e76_c-207x300.jpg\" alt=\"Trump's Fake News. \u00a9 Jeff Gates\/Flickr. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0\" width=\"207\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/32289417116_7a57184e76_c-207x300.jpg 207w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/32289417116_7a57184e76_c-101x146.jpg 101w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/32289417116_7a57184e76_c-35x50.jpg 35w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/32289417116_7a57184e76_c-52x75.jpg 52w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/32289417116_7a57184e76_c.jpg 553w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 207px) 100vw, 207px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7968\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trump&rsquo;s Fake News. \u00a9 Jeff Gates\/Flickr. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Depuis les \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles am\u00e9ricaines de 2016, les pr\u00e9occupations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9sinformation ont envahi le d\u00e9bat public. Afin d\u2019examiner ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne \u00e0 la loupe, chercheurs et journalistes peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l\u2019essor des m\u00e9thodes de <i>big data<\/i> et de sciences sociales computationnelles <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_1');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_1');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_1\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(1)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_1\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Lazer, D., Pentland, A., Adamic, L., Aral, S., Barab\u00e1si, A. L., Brewer, D., . &amp; Jebara, T &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/PMC\/2745217\">Computational social science<\/a>, <i>Science<\/i>, 2019<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_1').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_1', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> pour r\u00e9colter d\u2019immenses quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es sur les informations qui circulent sur le web \u2014 sans oublier les innombrables URLs qui leur sont associ\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<h5>Apports et limites des analyses quantitatives<\/h5>\n<p>C\u2019est en recourant \u00e0 ces m\u00e9thodes que plusieurs \u00e9tudes ont mis en avant la vitesse de propagation des <i>fake news<\/i> sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_2');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_2');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_2\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(2)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_2\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., &amp; Aral, S. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aap9559\">The spread of true and false news online<\/a>, <i>Science, <\/i>2018<i><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_2').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_2', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/i> , ou les taux d\u2019engagement &#8211; souvent consid\u00e9rables &#8211; qu\u2019elles peuvent g\u00e9n\u00e9rer. Sur ce point, un article publi\u00e9 dans <i>BuzzFeed<\/i> a montr\u00e9 que les vingt <i>fake news<\/i> les plus performantes sur Facebook, pendant les mois qui ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9lection de Donald Trump, avaient suscit\u00e9 8, 7 millions r\u00e9actions, commentaires ou partages <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_3');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_3');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_3\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(3)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_3\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\"> Silverman, C.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/craigsilverman\/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook\">This analysis shows how viral fake election news stories outperformed real news on Facebook<\/a>. <i>BuzzFeed<\/i>, 16\/11\/2016<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_3').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_3', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7970\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7970\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-7970\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cogito1.jpeg\" alt=\"\u00a9 BuzzFeed News\" width=\"350\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cogito1.jpeg 700w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cogito1-300x240.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cogito1-183x146.jpeg 183w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cogito1-50x40.jpeg 50w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/cogito1-94x75.jpeg 94w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7970\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00a9 BuzzFeed New<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Si ce volume impressionnant confirme l\u2019attractivit\u00e9 de certaines <i>fake news<\/i> pour les internautes, il ne dit pas grand chose de leur impact sur l\u2019opinion publique. D\u2019une part, il faut comparer ce nombre avec la totalit\u00e9 des interactions des utilisateurs de Facebook. Ainsi, il suffirait que chacun des utilisateurs de Facebook\u00a0 n\u2019ait eu qu\u2019une interaction par jour, sur la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, pour que ces 8,7 millions d\u2019interactions s\u2019amenuisent en&#8230; 0,006% ! <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_4');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_4');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_4\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(4)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_4\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Watts, D. J., &amp; Rothschild, D. M. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/9d91\/58807cbf03fff609e74ef9e0e61c2e6088d8.pdf#page=26\">The minority report on the fake news crisis:(spoiler alert: it\u2019s the real news)<\/a>. in <i>AA. VV., Understanding and Addressing the Disinformation Ecosystem<\/i>, 2017<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_4').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_4', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><br \/>\nD\u2019autre part, il est illusoire de croire que les traces num\u00e9riques laiss\u00e9es par les internautes sont r\u00e9v\u00e9latrices des opinions ou comportements qu\u2019ils ont dans la vraie vie <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_5');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_5');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_5\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(5)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_5\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Bastard, I., Cardon, D., Fouetillou, G., Prieur, C., &amp; Raux, S &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.internetactu.net\/2013\/12\/13\/travail-et-travailleurs-de-la-donnee\">Travail et travailleurs de la donn\u00e9e<\/a>, 2013<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_5').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_5', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. En effet, parmi ces 8,7 millions d\u2019interactions, il y a des commentaires, des partages, et des \ud83d\udc4d \ud83d\ude0d \ud83d\ude2f \ud83d\ude21 \ud83d\ude22 \ud83d\ude02, mais il est difficile d\u2019interpr\u00e9ter avec justesse les significations cach\u00e9es derri\u00e8re ces \u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Correspondances_(sonnet)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">for\u00eats de symboles<\/a>\u201d <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_6');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_6');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_6\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(6)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_6\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Ces deux expressions sont issues du sonnet \u201c<i>Correspondance<\/i>\u201d de Charles Baudelaire qui offre une r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation des signes que l\u2019on peut percevoir dans la nature pour d\u00e9coder les myst\u00e8res du monde. Dans ce po\u00e8me, Baudelaire propose d\u2019adopter la m\u00e9thode des synesth\u00e9sies, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de s\u2019appuyer sur les correspondances ressenties entre diff\u00e9rents sens car, pour le po\u00e8te, la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la sensation est accessible seulement \u00e0 celui qui creuse ses perceptions et les exprime par des analogies, des images et des m\u00e9taphores<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_6').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_6', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. Car ces r\u00e9actions sont souvent moins la marque d\u2019un int\u00e9r\u00eat authentique pour certains types d\u2019information que des \u201c<i>signaux identitaires que les individus projettent vers leur sociabilit\u00e9<\/i>\u201d<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_7');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_7');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_7\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(7)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_7\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cardon, D. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/commu.093.0173\">Du lien au like sur Internet<\/a>. <i>Communications<\/i>, 2013<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_7').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_7', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>. On peut ainsi penser qu\u2019un certain nombre de commentaires ou de partages de <i>fake news<\/i> soit moins le signe d\u2019une cr\u00e9dulit\u00e9 de masse que l\u2019expression d\u2019une diversit\u00e9 de r\u00e9gimes d\u2019opinion (i.e. critique, moquerie, d\u00e9sapprobation, soutien, etc.).<\/p>\n<h5>Pr\u00e9ciser les taux d\u2019engagement par des analyses qualitatives<\/h5>\n<div id=\"attachment_7995\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cortext.net\/\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7995\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-7995\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Screenshot_2020-01-27-Cortext-digital-plateform-Cortext-290x300.png\" alt=\"The CorTexT Platform stands a research facility that proposes on-line applications for open-science on textual corpuses analysis\" width=\"290\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Screenshot_2020-01-27-Cortext-digital-plateform-Cortext-290x300.png 290w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Screenshot_2020-01-27-Cortext-digital-plateform-Cortext-141x146.png 141w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Screenshot_2020-01-27-Cortext-digital-plateform-Cortext-48x50.png 48w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Screenshot_2020-01-27-Cortext-digital-plateform-Cortext-72x75.png 72w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Screenshot_2020-01-27-Cortext-digital-plateform-Cortext.png 486w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 290px) 100vw, 290px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7995\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The CorTexT Platform stands a research facility that proposes on-line applications for open-science on textual corpuses analysis<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Face \u00e0 la d\u00e9sinformation sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux, il est en effet crucial de ne pas s\u2019arr\u00eater aux gros volumes agr\u00e9g\u00e9s de <i>fake news<\/i> en circulation ou aux hauts taux d\u2019engagement qu\u2019elles g\u00e9n\u00e8rent. Il faut aussi recourir \u00e0 des approches plus qualitatives qui permettent d\u2019identifier pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment si les <i>fake news<\/i> ont le succ\u00e8s que laissent pr\u00e9sumer leurs donn\u00e9es quantitatives.<br \/>\nIl devient ainsi n\u00e9cessaire d\u2019aller \u00e0 la recherche des \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Correspondances_(sonnet)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">confuses paroles<\/a>\u201d qu\u2019elles rec\u00e8lent et de les traiter via de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes quali-quantitatives <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_8');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_8');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_8\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(8)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_8\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Venturini, T., Cardon, D., &amp; Cointet, J.-P. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/res.188.0009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">M\u00e9thodes digitales: Approches quali\/quanti des donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques<\/a>, <i>R\u00e9seaux<\/i>, 2015<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_8').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_8', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script> , un instrument majeur des recherches conduites au m\u00e9dialab.<\/p>\n<h5>Contextes et fonctions des interactions sur les r\u00e9seaux sociaux<\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7972\" style=\"width: 360px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7972\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-7972\" src=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Appendix2.png\" alt=\"Copie \u00e9cran Facebook de Sant\u00e9 + Magazine\" width=\"350\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Appendix2.png 370w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Appendix2-189x300.png 189w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Appendix2-92x146.png 92w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Appendix2-32x50.png 32w, https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Appendix2-47x75.png 47w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-7972\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Copie \u00e9cran Facebook de Sant\u00e9 + Magazine<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Aller au-del\u00e0 des nombres d\u2019interactions pour comprendre les motivations et opinions qu\u2019il y a derri\u00e8re est l\u2019objectif de ma th\u00e8se. A rebours du mod\u00e8le de la \u201c<i>seringue hypodermique<\/i>\u201d de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harold_Dwight_Lasswell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasswell<\/a> (1927) postulant l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une emprise quasi magn\u00e9tique des m\u00e9dias sur les individus, je souhaite d\u00e9passer la question des effets des contenus m\u00e9diatiques pour s\u2019interroger \u00e9galement sur leur fonction en r\u00e9inscrivant la relation \u00e0 l\u2019information dans une compr\u00e9hension plus fine des diff\u00e9rents contextes de la vie sociale dans laquelle elle se d\u00e9ploie.<br \/>\nMes premi\u00e8res recherches consistent \u00e0 s\u2019appuyer sur des th\u00e9ories issues \u00e0 la fois de psychologie cognitive et de sociologie de la communication et des m\u00e9dias pour expliquer pourquoi certains contenus sont plus viraux que d\u2019autres. Ma premi\u00e8re \u00e9tude r\u00e9alis\u00e9e sur la page Facebook de \u201cSant\u00e9 + Mag\u201d, r\u00e9put\u00e9e pour \u00eatre un cas embl\u00e9matique de d\u00e9sinformation en sant\u00e9 <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_9');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_9');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_9\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(9)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_9\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">\u00e0 propos de Sant\u00e9 Plus Mag : P. Bafoil\u00a0 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesinrocks.com\/2018\/01\/17\/medias\/actualite\/fausses-rumeurs-et-prescriptions-dangereuses-sur-sante-plus-mag-lune-des-pages-les-plus-populaires-de-facebook\">Fausses rumeurs et prescriptions dangereuses sur \u00ab\u00a0Sant\u00e9 Plus Mag\u00a0\u00bb, l&rsquo;une des pages les plus populaires de Facebook<\/a>, <em>Les Inrockuptibles,<\/em> 17\/01\/2018 \/\/ A. S\u00e9n\u00e9cat &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/les-decodeurs\/article\/2018\/05\/25\/sante-magazine-un-site-emblematique-de-la-mal-information-sur-la-sante_5304505_4355770.html\">Sant\u00e9+ Magazine, un site embl\u00e9matique de la \u00ab mal-information \u00bb sur la sant\u00e9<\/a>, <em>Le Monde<\/em>, 25\/05\/2018 \/\/ A. S\u00e9n\u00e9cat- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/les-decodeurs\/article\/2019\/07\/17\/epingle-pour-ses-intox-sante-magazine-assure-avoir-change-vraiment_5490398_4355770.html\">Critiqu\u00e9 pour ses intox, Sant\u00e9 + Magazine assure avoir chang\u00e9. Vraiment?<\/a>,\u00a0 <em>Le Monde<\/em>, 27\/07\/2019<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_9').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_9', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, a montr\u00e9 que m\u00eame si celle-ci g\u00e9n\u00e8re d\u2019impressionnants volumes d\u2019interactions d&rsquo;environ 11 millions par mois <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_10');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_10');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_10\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(10)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_10\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Fletcher. R., Cornia. A, Graves L, Nielsen R.K. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.is\/static\/files\/frettamyndir\/reuterfake.pdf\">Measuring the reach of \u201cfake news\u201d and online disinformation in Europe<\/a>, Factsheets Reuters Institute, 2018<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_10').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_10', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, ces derni\u00e8res ne sont pas suscit\u00e9es par les contenus douteux que la page Facebook publie sur les questions de sant\u00e9. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, son \u201csucc\u00e8s\u201d est surtout d\u00fb \u00e0 des posts d\u00e9pourvus de toute teneur informative mais contenant des expressions du langage quotidien telles que \u00ab <i>bon week-end \u00e0 tous\u00a0<\/i>\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0<i>je t\u2019aime ma s\u0153ur<\/i> \u00bb<span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_11');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_11');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_11\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(11)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_11\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Berriche, M., &amp; Altay, S. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/nj2sr\">\u00ab\u00a0Sister, I Love You!\u00a0\u00bb Phatic Posts Are More Successful On Facebook Than Health Misinformation<\/a>, 2019<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_11').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_11', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>, dont la fonction est avant tout sociale, comme les cartes de v\u0153ux.<\/p>\n<p>Par la suite, j&rsquo;envisage d\u2019analyser les commentaires accol\u00e9s aux <i>fake news, <\/i>en ayant recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse textuelle <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_12');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_12');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_12\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(12)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_12\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cointet, J. P., &amp; Parasie, S. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/rfs.593.0533\">Ce que le big data fait \u00e0 l\u2019analyse sociologique des textes<\/a>, <i>Revue fran\u00e7aise de sociologie<\/i>, 2018 \/\/\u00a0 Cointet, J. P., &amp; Parasie, S. &#8211;\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/res.214.0009\">Enqu\u00eater \u00e0 partir des traces textuelles du web<\/a>,\u00a0 <i>Reseaux, <\/i>2019<i><\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_12').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_12', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script><\/i>, afin d\u2019identifier comment des strat\u00e9gies d\u2019\u00e9valuation d\u2019information peuvent se faire jour au milieu des discussions ordinaires des internautes.<\/p>\n<p>Ce projet permettra ainsi d\u2019apporter une meilleure connaissance des espaces conversationnels de la circulation d\u2019informations et de compl\u00e9ter les travaux conduits au m\u00e9dialab sur la structure de l\u2019espace public \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e8re du num\u00e9rique <span class=\"footnote_referrer\"><a role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" onclick=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_13');\" onkeypress=\"footnote_moveToReference_7961_1('footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_13');\" ><sup id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_13\" class=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text\">(13)<\/sup><\/a><span id=\"footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_13\" class=\"footnote_tooltip\">Cardon, D., Cointet, J.P., Ooghe, B., Plique, G. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/spire.sciencespo.fr\/hdl:\/2441\/52avseho8m9rjbmeot0eogd0iu\/resources\/wp1medialab-unfolding-the-multi-layered-structure-of-french-media-landscape-vf-2.pdf\">Unfolding the Multi-Layered Structure of the French Mediascape<\/a>. m\u00e9dialab working paper, 2019<\/span><\/span><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> jQuery('#footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_13').tooltip({ tip: '#footnote_plugin_tooltip_text_7961_1_13', tipClass: 'footnote_tooltip', effect: 'fade', predelay: 0, fadeInSpeed: 200, delay: 400, fadeOutSpeed: 200, position: 'top right', relative: true, offset: [10, 10], });<\/script>.<\/p>\n<pre><a href=\"https:\/\/medialab.sciencespo.fr\/equipe\/manon-berriche\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Manon Berriche<\/a> est dipl\u00f4m\u00e9e de la sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 digital de l'\u00c9cole d'Affaires Publiques de Sciences Po ainsi que du Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire. Elle est aujourd'hui doctorante au <a href=\"https:\/\/medialab.sciencespo.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">m\u00e9dialab<\/a> et au <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cri-paris.org\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centre de Recherches Interdisciplinaires.<\/a><\/pre>\n<div class=\"speaker-mute footnotes_reference_container\"> <div class=\"footnote_container_prepare\"><p><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_label pointer\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_7961_1();\">Notes<\/span><span role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button\" style=\"display: none;\" onclick=\"footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_7961_1();\">[<a id=\"footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_7961_1\">+<\/a>]<\/span><\/p><\/div> <div id=\"footnote_references_container_7961_1\" style=\"\"><table class=\"footnotes_table footnote-reference-container\"><caption class=\"accessibility\">Notes<\/caption> <tbody> \r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_1');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_1\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>1<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Lazer, D., Pentland, A., Adamic, L., Aral, S., Barab\u00e1si, A. L., Brewer, D., . &amp; Jebara, T &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/PMC\/2745217\">Computational social science<\/a>, <i>Science<\/i>, 2019<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_2');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_2\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>2<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., &amp; Aral, S. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aap9559\">The spread of true and false news online<\/a>, <i>Science, <\/i>2018<i><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_3');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_3\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>3<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\"> Silverman, C.\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.buzzfeednews.com\/article\/craigsilverman\/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook\">This analysis shows how viral fake election news stories outperformed real news on Facebook<\/a>. <i>BuzzFeed<\/i>, 16\/11\/2016<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_4');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_4\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>4<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Watts, D. J., &amp; Rothschild, D. M. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/9d91\/58807cbf03fff609e74ef9e0e61c2e6088d8.pdf#page=26\">The minority report on the fake news crisis:(spoiler alert: it\u2019s the real news)<\/a>. in <i>AA. VV., Understanding and Addressing the Disinformation Ecosystem<\/i>, 2017<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_5');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_5\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>5<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Bastard, I., Cardon, D., Fouetillou, G., Prieur, C., &amp; Raux, S &#8211; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.internetactu.net\/2013\/12\/13\/travail-et-travailleurs-de-la-donnee\">Travail et travailleurs de la donn\u00e9e<\/a>, 2013<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_6');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_6\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>6<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Ces deux expressions sont issues du sonnet \u201c<i>Correspondance<\/i>\u201d de Charles Baudelaire qui offre une r\u00e9flexion sur l\u2019interpr\u00e9tation des signes que l\u2019on peut percevoir dans la nature pour d\u00e9coder les myst\u00e8res du monde. Dans ce po\u00e8me, Baudelaire propose d\u2019adopter la m\u00e9thode des synesth\u00e9sies, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de s\u2019appuyer sur les correspondances ressenties entre diff\u00e9rents sens car, pour le po\u00e8te, la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la sensation est accessible seulement \u00e0 celui qui creuse ses perceptions et les exprime par des analogies, des images et des m\u00e9taphores<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_7');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_7\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>7<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cardon, D. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/commu.093.0173\">Du lien au like sur Internet<\/a>. <i>Communications<\/i>, 2013<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_8');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_8\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>8<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Venturini, T., Cardon, D., &amp; Cointet, J.-P. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/res.188.0009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">M\u00e9thodes digitales: Approches quali\/quanti des donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques<\/a>, <i>R\u00e9seaux<\/i>, 2015<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_9');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_9\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>9<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">\u00e0 propos de Sant\u00e9 Plus Mag : P. Bafoil\u00a0 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lesinrocks.com\/2018\/01\/17\/medias\/actualite\/fausses-rumeurs-et-prescriptions-dangereuses-sur-sante-plus-mag-lune-des-pages-les-plus-populaires-de-facebook\">Fausses rumeurs et prescriptions dangereuses sur \u00ab\u00a0Sant\u00e9 Plus Mag\u00a0\u00bb, l&rsquo;une des pages les plus populaires de Facebook<\/a>, <em>Les Inrockuptibles,<\/em> 17\/01\/2018 \/\/ A. S\u00e9n\u00e9cat &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/les-decodeurs\/article\/2018\/05\/25\/sante-magazine-un-site-emblematique-de-la-mal-information-sur-la-sante_5304505_4355770.html\">Sant\u00e9+ Magazine, un site embl\u00e9matique de la \u00ab mal-information \u00bb sur la sant\u00e9<\/a>, <em>Le Monde<\/em>, 25\/05\/2018 \/\/ A. S\u00e9n\u00e9cat- <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/les-decodeurs\/article\/2019\/07\/17\/epingle-pour-ses-intox-sante-magazine-assure-avoir-change-vraiment_5490398_4355770.html\">Critiqu\u00e9 pour ses intox, Sant\u00e9 + Magazine assure avoir chang\u00e9. Vraiment?<\/a>,\u00a0 <em>Le Monde<\/em>, 27\/07\/2019<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_10');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_10\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>10<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Fletcher. R., Cornia. A, Graves L, Nielsen R.K. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.press.is\/static\/files\/frettamyndir\/reuterfake.pdf\">Measuring the reach of \u201cfake news\u201d and online disinformation in Europe<\/a>, Factsheets Reuters Institute, 2018<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_11');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_11\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>11<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Berriche, M., &amp; Altay, S. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/nj2sr\">\u00ab\u00a0Sister, I Love You!\u00a0\u00bb Phatic Posts Are More Successful On Facebook Than Health Misinformation<\/a>, 2019<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_12');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_12\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>12<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cointet, J. P., &amp; Parasie, S. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/rfs.593.0533\">Ce que le big data fait \u00e0 l\u2019analyse sociologique des textes<\/a>, <i>Revue fran\u00e7aise de sociologie<\/i>, 2018 \/\/\u00a0 Cointet, J. P., &amp; Parasie, S. &#8211;\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3917\/res.214.0009\">Enqu\u00eater \u00e0 partir des traces textuelles du web<\/a>,\u00a0 <i>Reseaux, <\/i>2019<i><\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n<tr class=\"footnotes_plugin_reference_row\"> <th scope=\"row\" class=\"footnote_plugin_index_combi pointer\"  onclick=\"footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1('footnote_plugin_tooltip_7961_1_13');\"><a id=\"footnote_plugin_reference_7961_1_13\" class=\"footnote_backlink\"><span class=\"footnote_index_arrow\">&#8593;<\/span>13<\/a><\/th> <td class=\"footnote_plugin_text\">Cardon, D., Cointet, J.P., Ooghe, B., Plique, G. &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/spire.sciencespo.fr\/hdl:\/2441\/52avseho8m9rjbmeot0eogd0iu\/resources\/wp1medialab-unfolding-the-multi-layered-structure-of-french-media-landscape-vf-2.pdf\">Unfolding the Multi-Layered Structure of the French Mediascape<\/a>. m\u00e9dialab working paper, 2019<\/td><\/tr>\r\n\r\n <\/tbody> <\/table> <\/div><\/div><script type=\"text\/javascript\"> function footnote_expand_reference_container_7961_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_7961_1').show(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_7961_1').text('\u2212'); } function footnote_collapse_reference_container_7961_1() { jQuery('#footnote_references_container_7961_1').hide(); jQuery('#footnote_reference_container_collapse_button_7961_1').text('+'); } function footnote_expand_collapse_reference_container_7961_1() { if (jQuery('#footnote_references_container_7961_1').is(':hidden')) { footnote_expand_reference_container_7961_1(); } else { footnote_collapse_reference_container_7961_1(); } } function footnote_moveToReference_7961_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_7961_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } } function footnote_moveToAnchor_7961_1(p_str_TargetID) { footnote_expand_reference_container_7961_1(); var l_obj_Target = jQuery('#' + p_str_TargetID); if (l_obj_Target.length) { jQuery( 'html, body' ).delay( 0 ); jQuery('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: l_obj_Target.offset().top - window.innerHeight * 0.2 }, 380); } }<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>par Manon Berriche, doctorante au m\u00e9dialab Depuis les \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles am\u00e9ricaines de 2016, les pr\u00e9occupations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9sinformation ont envahi le d\u00e9bat public. Afin<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8170,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,327,247],"tags":[185,87],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7961"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7961"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7961\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8513,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7961\/revisions\/8513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8170"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}