\n<\/span><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/woman-1320103_640-300x225.jpg\")
\u00a9 Pixabay<\/p><\/div>\n
Studying the demographic transition in developing countries calls for a long-term perspective. Taking into account intergenerational dynamics, as well as the evolution of technical progress, enables identification of the drivers of increased female education, which has multiple positive consequences, both individual and collective. In this research, we theoretically and empirically study the consequences of the narrowing gender gap and education gap in emerging and developing countries. We take into account the role of technological advances in the demographic transition and economic growth. We do so by developing a model in the tradition of the unified growth theory that captures the process of growth throughout human existence. <\/span><\/p>\n Source : United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2019). World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision, DVD Edition.<\/p><\/div>\n By empirically mobilising data spanning the end of the 20th to the beginning of the 21st century, we confirm the hypotheses of this model. We thus complete existing research on the demographic transition in the 19th century in the West, where we observed a transition from a high fertility and mortality regime to a low fertility and mortality regime. Compared to the demographic transition observed in the West, the demographic transition in Asia, North Africa and Latin America took place a century later, with lower levels of GDP per capita but a faster decline in fertility. <\/span><\/p>\n To explain the demographic transition of emerging and developing countries, our approach focuses on technological progress, in particular the innovation and diffusion of time-saving home appliances. <\/span> To understand the crucial role of technological innovations on fertility and on human capital formation (skills, abilities and talents of workers) in emerging and developing countries, three consecutive mechanisms must be distinguished:<\/span><\/p>\n \u2014First, the distribution of household appliances enables a reduction in domestic work time and frees up time for women. Women can then devote more time to the education of children. In the countries we have studied(1)<\/sup><\/a>South Africa, Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, Brazil, Burundi, Cameroon, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ivory Coast, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Gambia, Ghana, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, United Arab Republic, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Salvador, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Thailand, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay, Zambia, Zimbabwe.<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span>What are the driving forces of this virtuous circle? How are they transmitted and what are their effects in the middle and long run? These are the questions addressed in a recently published article by Angela Greulich, researcher at the Observatoire sociologique du changement, Nguyen Thang Dao (Osaka University) and Julio D\u00e1vila (Nazarbayev University & Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on Sorbonne)<\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\nA Process of Growth Throughout Existence
\n<\/span><\/h4>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/population-growth-rate-by-level-of-development.png\")
\n<\/span><\/p>\nPhenomena Spread Over Time<\/h4>\n