{"id":14107,"date":"2023-03-13T19:02:46","date_gmt":"2023-03-13T17:02:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/?page_id=14107"},"modified":"2023-04-19T11:02:15","modified_gmt":"2023-04-19T09:02:15","slug":"wars-and-peace","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wars-and-peace\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Wars and Peace"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"157\">Given the egregious devastation caused by <\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"158\"><span class=\"id_37f24fb3-51ee-4fef-b660-3638e2bb37be-bbf9c98e-4671-44ef-80c5-6186bae26009\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">wars<\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"159\">, the question of why they occur never ceases to be asked.<\/span> <span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"161\">The issue starts with this philosophical questioning, which takes shape in the analysis of different types of actual or potential conflicts: imperialism, nuclear threats, and <\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"162\"><span class=\"id_5f59c5a8-694d-47c8-9b97-877edf4b504c-6d86ac55-076d-4570-ae3b-a8c78d4be721\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">terrorism<\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"163\"> and <\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"164\"><span class=\"id_5f59c5a8-694d-47c8-9b97-877edf4b504c-69\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">counter-<\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"165\"><span class=\"id_5f59c5a8-694d-47c8-9b97-877edf4b504c-69\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\"><span class=\"id_5f59c5a8-694d-47c8-9b97-877edf4b504c-5f117666-97b2-469f-af50-2a4d9aa6f4a5\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">terrorism<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"166\">.<\/span> <span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"168\">It also looks at international justice, <\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"169\"><span class=\"id_b9804892-3cb7-429f-bb7d-a547d93d8dbf-cf21c459-b966-4eea-ab50-468cf5fd8c2b\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">peacemaking<\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"170\"> and the conditions for their effectiveness.<\/span> <span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"173\">Each of the contributions sheds light on Putin\u2019s <\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"174\"><span class=\"id_0bb8275c-f548-4bd2-9f3a-0eda55ae40e4-2cfdb478-86ad-43c5-a1ed-d90b6f8715dd\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">war<\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"175\"> against Ukraine.<\/span> <span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"177\">The goal of this issue is to equip us to establish lasting <\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"178\"><span class=\"id_4d88f196-d392-4c41-9252-e068c6d9e80d-b0ba4c1a-e49f-40ca-b767-12e7485dd468\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">peace<\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"179\">, if not the universal <\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"180\"><span class=\"id_4d88f196-d392-4c41-9252-e068c6d9e80d-76f9fc9c-9988-4bea-a4fe-aecc9486a63f\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">peace<\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"181\"> envisioned by Kant, who argued that democracies do not wage <\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"182\"><span class=\"id_4d88f196-d392-4c41-9252-e068c6d9e80d-e26fa8e4-358a-443a-847e-54fa5c76c3e8\" data-slate-object=\"mark\" data-info=\"noeud\">war<\/span><\/span><span data-slate-object=\"text\" data-key=\"183\" data-slate-fragment=\"%7B%22object%22%3A%22document%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22nodes%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22block%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22zone%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22nodes%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22block%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22ligne%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22nodes%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22block%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22default-element%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22nodes%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Given%20the%20egregious%20devastation%20caused%20by%20%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22wars%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22className%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22className%22%3A%22id_37f24fb3-51ee-4fef-b660-3638e2bb37be-bbf9c98e-4671-44ef-80c5-6186bae26009%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22SurlignerBleu%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%2C%20the%20question%20of%20why%20they%20occur%20never%20ceases%20to%20be%20asked.%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22CarSeparateur%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22The%20issue%20starts%20with%20this%20philosophical%20questioning%2C%20which%20takes%20shape%20in%20the%20analysis%20of%20different%20types%20of%20actual%20or%20potential%20conflicts%3A%20imperialism%2C%20nuclear%20threats%2C%20and%20%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22terrorism%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22className%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22className%22%3A%22id_5f59c5a8-694d-47c8-9b97-877edf4b504c-6d86ac55-076d-4570-ae3b-a8c78d4be721%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22SurlignerBleu%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20and%20%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22counter-%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22className%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22className%22%3A%22id_5f59c5a8-694d-47c8-9b97-877edf4b504c-69%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22TraitFinPointillayGris%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22terrorism%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22className%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22className%22%3A%22id_5f59c5a8-694d-47c8-9b97-877edf4b504c-5f117666-97b2-469f-af50-2a4d9aa6f4a5%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22className%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22className%22%3A%22id_5f59c5a8-694d-47c8-9b97-877edf4b504c-69%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22SurlignerGris%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22TraitFinPointillayGris%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22.%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22CarSeparateur%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22It%20also%20looks%20at%20international%20justice%2C%20%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22peacemaking%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22className%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22className%22%3A%22id_b9804892-3cb7-429f-bb7d-a547d93d8dbf-cf21c459-b966-4eea-ab50-468cf5fd8c2b%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22SurlignerBleu%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20and%20the%20conditions%20for%20their%20effectiveness.%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22FontGrisNormalisay%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%5Cn%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22CarSeparateur%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Each%20of%20the%20contributions%20sheds%20light%20on%20Putin%E2%80%99s%20%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22war%22%2C%22marks%22%3A%5B%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22className%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22className%22%3A%22id_0bb8275c-f548-4bd2-9f3a-0eda55ae40e4-2cfdb478-86ad-43c5-a1ed-d90b6f8715dd%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22mark%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22style%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22style%22%3A%22SurlignerGris%22%7D%7D%5D%7D%2C%7B%22object%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22%20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against each other.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Wars and Peace: The Dossier<\/h2>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/useful-knowledge-about-wars-and-peaces\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Introduction: Useful Knowledge About Wars and Peace<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\nby Sergue\u00ef Guriev, Sciences Po&#8217;s Provost<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/why-war-a-philosophical-question\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">&#8216;Why War?\u2019\u2009\u2013\u2009A Philosophical Question?<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong>by Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Gros, Centre for Political Research (CEVIPOF)<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/counterterrorism-how-to-fail-most-successfully\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Counterterrorism: How to Systematically Fail<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\nby Didier Bigo, Centre for International Studies (CERI)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/facing-nuclear-vulnerabilities\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Facing Nuclear Vulnerabilities<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nby Beno\u00eet Pelopidas, Centre for International Studies (CERI)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/imperialism-revealed-in-the-war-russia-exposed\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Imperialism Revealed in the War. Russia Exposed<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nby Sabine Dullin, Centre for History<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/armed-conflict-the-growing-impact-of-international-law\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Armed Conflict: the Growing Impact of International Law<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nby Adam Baczko, Centre for International Studies (CERI)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/truth-without-justice-law-in-the-face-of-mass-crimes\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Truth Without Justice? The Law and Mass Crimes<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nby Julie Saada, Law School<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/transitional-justice-and-property-inextricably-linked\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>Transitional Justice and Property: Inextricably Linked<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\nby Helena Alviar Garcia, Law School<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/un-peacekeeping-three-strategies-on-the-ground\/?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UN Peacekeeping: 3 Strategies on The Ground<\/a><\/strong><br \/>\npar Chiara Ruffa, Centre for International Studies (CERI)<\/p>\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/researchers-and-phd-candidates-working-on-armed-conflicts\/?lang=en\"><strong>Researchers and PhD Candidates Working on Armed Conflicts<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><a name=\"Previous_Articles\"><\/a>Previous Articles on Conflicts<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/from-dictatorships-to-terrorism-how-to-end-the-violence\/?lang=en\">From Dictatorships to Terrorism, How to End the Violence?<\/a>, Sandrine Lefranc, November 2022<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/benevolence-and-international-relations\/?lang=en\">Benevolence and International Relations<\/a>, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Ramel, November 2022<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/les-civils-face-aux-pilotes-tombes-en-europe-1939-1945\/?lang=en\">Civilians and Fallen Pilots in Europe, 1939-1945<\/a>, Claire Andrieu, February 2022<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/defending-humanity-by-protecting-its-heritage\/?lang=en\/\">Defending Humanity by Protecting its Heritage<\/a>, Mathilde Leloup, February 2021<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/the-survival-of-the-jews-in-france-1940-1944\/?lang=en\">The Survival of the Jews in France, 1940-1944<\/a>, Jacques Semelin, July 2019<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/mediation-a-key-tool-for-pacification\/?lang=en\">Mediation: a Key Tool for Pacification<\/a>, Milena Dieckhoff, February 2018<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/the-politics-of-symbols-the-french-governments-response-to-the-2015-terrorist-attacks\/?lang=en\">The Politics of Symbols: the French Government\u2019s Response to the 2015 Terrorist Attacks<\/a>, Florence Faucher et Laurie Boussaguet, November 2018<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/the-history-of-the-world-is-asian-another-vision-of-the-20th-century\/?lang=en\">The History of the World is Asian. Another Vision of the 20th Century<\/a>, Pierre Grosser, March 2018<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/commemorating-the-holocaust-after-the-war-simon-perego\/?lang=en\">Commemorating the Holocaust After the War<\/a>, Simon Perego, October 2017<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/a-new-perspective-on-the-allied-war-effort-during-the-second-world-war\/?lang=en\">A New Perspective on the Allied War Effort During the Second World War<\/a>, Claire Andrieu, February 2017<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/israel-reasons-for-peace\/?lang=en\">Israel: Reasons for Peace<\/a>, Samy Cohen, February 2017<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Given the egregious devastation caused by wars, the question of why they occur never ceases to be asked. The issue starts with this philosophical questioning,<span class=\"excerpt-hellip\"> [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14107\/?lang=en"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/?lang=en"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page\/?lang=en"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3\/?lang=en"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments\/?lang=en&post=14107"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14107\/revisions\/?lang=en"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14237,"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/14107\/revisions\/14237\/?lang=en"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sciencespo.fr\/research\/cogito\/home\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/?lang=en&parent=14107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}