Haiti http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/taxonomy/term/709/all fr Tontons Macoutes http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/tontons-macoutes <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">15 Décembre, 2009</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>Nom donné aux membres de la milice de François et Jean-Claude Duvalier. Les Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale (VSN), formée parce que Papa Doc n’avait pas confiance dans l’armée pour assurer sa protection. Les Tontons Macoutes deviennent un élément important du régime qui les utilise pour terroriser, torturer et assassiner les opposants(Diederich et Burt, 1986).</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 207 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/tontons-macoutes" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Thu, 04 Apr 2019 08:11:47 +0000 gregory.cales 3349 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Dechoukaj http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/dechoukaj-0 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">15 Décembre, 2009</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 474 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/dechoukaj-0" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:43 +0000 admineedprs 2931 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Aristide, Jean-Bertrand http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/aristide-jean-bertrand <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">15 Décembre, 2009</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 475 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/aristide-jean-bertrand" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:43 +0000 admineedprs 2932 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Chimères http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/chimeres <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">15 Décembre, 2009</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <p><strong>(du français chimères)</strong></p> <p>Groupes extralégaux armés menant à la fois des actions délinquantes ou criminelles et des actions de nature politique. Formés d’individus issus des bidonvilles et se présentant comme des organisations populaires légitimes représentant les défavorisés, les Chimères ont été utilisés sous la présidence d’Aristide pour semer la peur chez les opposants au régime et détruire leurs biens.</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 476 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/chimeres" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:43 +0000 admineedprs 2933 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Liste chronologique des massacres commis en Haïti au XXe siècle http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/liste-chronologique-des-massacres-commis-en-haa-ti-au-xxe-siacle <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">14 Décembre, 2009</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <h2>1902 : Guerre civile.</h2> <p>Le gouvernement de Boisrond-Canal et du général Nord Alexis affronte les troupes rebelles d’Anténor Firmin. (Nord Alexis l’emportera et gouvernera jusqu’en 1908).</p> <p><strong>1902, 8 août :</strong> A Petit-Goâve, 450 civils auraient péri dans l’incendie de la ville supposément provoqué par les forces gouvernementales du général Carrié pour déloger les forces firministes de la ville, ce que démentit l’intéressé.</p> <p>* (Gaillard, 1993:70-73)</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 471 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/liste-chronologique-des-massacres-commis-en-haa-ti-au-xxe-siacle" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:42 +0000 admineedprs 2929 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Duvalier, François http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/duvalier-francois <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">15 Décembre, 2009</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>Président du 22 octobre 1957 au 21 avril 1971.</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 472 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/document/duvalier-francois" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:42 +0000 admineedprs 2930 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Dechoukaj http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2714 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">27 Juin, 2008</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>(Creole, from the French “<em>dessouchage</em>”)</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 208 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2714" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:05 +0000 admineedprs 2714 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Aristide (1953-), Jean-Bertrand http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2715 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">27 Juin, 2008</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>Born into the rural petty bourgeoisie of Port-Salut, in the Southwest of the country, Jean-Bertrand Aristide studied in religious schools, attended a seminary and was ordained as a priest in 1982. He was a Salesian priest, close to Liberation Theology, and his sermons denounced the poverty of the people and accused the <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/duvalier-1907-1971-francois">Duvalier</a> regime, as well as the economic elites of the country, of being responsible for it.</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 209 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2715" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:05 +0000 admineedprs 2715 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Chimè http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2716 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">27 Juin, 2008</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>(from the French “<em>chimères”</em>)</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 210 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2716" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:05 +0000 admineedprs 2716 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Duvalier (1907-1971), François http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2712 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">27 Juin, 2008</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>President of Haiti from October 22, 1957 to April 21, 1971.</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 206 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2712" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:04 +0000 admineedprs 2712 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Tontons Macoutes http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2713 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">27 Juin, 2008</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <p>This was the name given to the members of the <em>Volontaires de la Sécurité Nationale</em> (National Security Volunteers), François and Jean-Claude Duvalier’s militia force, created because <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/en/document/duvalier-1907-1971-francois">Papa Doc</a> did not trust the military to guarantee his safety. The <em>Tonton Macoutes</em>, or <em>macoutes</em>, became an important piece of the repression apparatus of the regime, which used them to terrorize, torture and kill opponents (Diederich and Burt, 2005).</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 207 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2713" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:04 +0000 admineedprs 2713 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance Massacres perpetrated in the 20th Century in Haiti http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2693 <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-date field-field-date"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Date:&nbsp;</div> <span class="date-display-single">2 Avril, 2008</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-auteur-article"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Auteur:&nbsp;</div> <a href="/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2591">Belleau Jean-Philippe</a> </div> </div> </div> <h2>1902: Civil war</h2> <p>The government of Boisrond-Canal and General Nord Alexis fought Anténor Firmin’s rebel troops (Nord Alexis eventually prevailed and governed until 1908).</p> <p><strong>1902 (August 8):</strong> In Petit-Goâve, 450 civilians died in a fire which destroyed the town; it had allegedly been lit by the government forces of General Carrié to force out the pro-Firmin forces. Carrié later refuted the allegation.</p> <p>_ * (Gaillard, 1993: 70-73)</p> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-auteur-id"> <div class="field-label">spip auteur id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 87 </div> </div> </div> <div class="border"></div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-spip-article-id"> <div class="field-label">spip article id:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 186 </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance/fr/node/2693" target="_blank">en lire plus</a></p> Haiti Wed, 25 Nov 2015 11:42:01 +0000 admineedprs 2693 at http://bo-k2s.sciences-po.fr/mass-violence-war-massacre-resistance